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Uptake of gaseous thallium, tellurium, vanadium and molybdenum into anhydrous alum, Lascar volcano fumaroles, Chile
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta ( IF 5 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2020.02.009
N. Sainlot , I. Vlastélic , S. Moune , E.F. Rose-Koga , F. Schiavi , S. Valade , F. Aguilera

Abstract Formation of secondary sulfate minerals during the reaction between volcanic gases and rocks modulates the composition and flux of gaseous emanations. We report on the sub-surface formation of anhydrous alum (MI MIII (XVIO4)2 with MI = NH4+, Na+, K+; MIII = Al3+, Fe3+ and XVI = S6+, Mo6+) in the 330 °C fumaroles of the Lascar volcano (Chile). The alum occurs as a few millimetres thick crust that grew internally by two-way diffusion of reaction gases and diffusive influx of rock cations within the crust. The average growth rate is estimated at ca. 0.3 μm/day, based on the 19-year-long activity of the degassing fracture hosting the crust. The growth rate is controlled by the slow migration of the rock cations and decreases towards crust rim. The crust selectively concentrates Tl, V and Te (thousands of μg/g) and to a lesser extent Mo (hundreds of μg/g). The uptake of gaseous Tl, V and Mo is due to the possibility for these elements to enter the MI, MIII and XVI sites of alum, respectively. The process of Te uptake must be related to the incorporation of Tl and V with which Te tightly correlates. Extensive substitution of Tl, V and Te occurs at the surface of the crust where the supply of rock cations is the lowest. Such surface enrichment does not occur for Mo, because Mo substitutes for S, another element from the gas. These findings suggest that the surface of mature alum crust has a high adsorption capacity for those gaseous metals able to compensate for the lack of rock-derived cations. Based on the composition of gases escaping from the fracture hosting the crust, it is estimated that the partition coefficients of Tl (3.3 × 107), V (1.1 × 107) and Te (0.6 × 107) between crust surface and gases are two to four orders of magnitude higher than for other volatile metals and metalloids. It follows that gases equilibrating with anhydrous alums lose between 77 and 95% of their initial Tl content, but less than 1% of Pb. Given the Tl emission rate of Lascar volcano (5 g/day), between 17 and 104 g of toxic Tl would deposit every day if all Lascar gases were to equilibrate with anhydrous alums. This study suggests that anhydrous alums significantly immobilize Tl, V and Te in the ground of quiescent volcanoes, reducing the atmospheric emissions of these three elements.

中文翻译:

将气态铊、碲、钒和钼吸收成无水明矾,拉斯卡火山喷气孔,智利

摘要 火山气体与岩石反应期间次生硫酸盐矿物的形成调节了气态放射物的组成和通量。我们报告了在 Lascar 火山 330 °C 的喷气孔中无水明矾(MI MIII (XVIO4)2,其中 MI = NH4+、Na+、K+;MIII = Al3+、Fe3+ 和 XVI = S6+、Mo6+)的亚表面形成(智利)。明矾是几毫米厚的地壳,通过反应气体的双向扩散和地壳内岩石阳离子的扩散流入在内部生长。平均增长率估计为大约。0.3 微米/天,基于容纳地壳的脱气裂缝长达 19 年的活动。增长速度受岩石阳离子缓慢迁移的控制,并朝着地壳边缘减小。地壳选择性地浓缩 Tl,V 和 Te(数千 μg/g)以及较小程度的 Mo(数百 μg/g)。气态 Tl、V 和 Mo 的吸收是由于这些元素可能分别进入明矾的 MI、MIII 和 XVI 位点。Te 的吸收过程必须与 Te 密切相关的 Tl 和 V 的结合有关。Tl、V 和 Te 的广泛替代发生在岩石阳离子供应最低的地壳表面。Mo 不会发生这种表面富集,因为 Mo 替代了气体中的另一种元素 S。这些发现表明,成熟的明矾壳表面对那些气态金属具有很高的吸附能力,能够弥补岩石衍生阳离子的缺乏。根据从包含地壳的裂缝中逸出的气体组成,据估计,地壳表面与气体的Tl(3.3×107)、V(1.1×107)和Te(0.6×107)的分配系数比其他挥发性金属和准金属高2-4个数量级。因此,与无水明矾平衡的气体损失了其初始 Tl 含量的 77% 至 95%,但 Pb 的损失少于 1%。鉴于拉斯卡火山的 Tl 排放率(5 克/天),如果所有拉斯卡气体都与无水明矾平衡,每天将沉积 17 到 104 克有毒的 Tl。这项研究表明,无水明矾显着固定了静止火山地面中的 Tl、V 和 Te,从而减少了这三种元素的大气排放。6 × 107) 地壳表面和气体之间比其他挥发性金属和准金属高两到四个数量级。因此,与无水明矾平衡的气体损失了其初始 Tl 含量的 77% 至 95%,但 Pb 的损失少于 1%。鉴于拉斯卡火山的 Tl 排放率(5 克/天),如果所有拉斯卡气体都与无水明矾平衡,每天将沉积 17 到 104 克有毒的 Tl。这项研究表明,无水明矾显着固定了静止火山地面中的 Tl、V 和 Te,从而减少了这三种元素的大气排放。6 × 107) 地壳表面和气体之间比其他挥发性金属和准金属高两到四个数量级。因此,与无水明矾平衡的气体损失了其初始 Tl 含量的 77% 至 95%,但 Pb 的损失少于 1%。鉴于拉斯卡火山的 Tl 排放率(5 克/天),如果所有拉斯卡气体都与无水明矾平衡,每天将沉积 17 到 104 克有毒的 Tl。这项研究表明,无水明矾显着固定了静止火山地面中的 Tl、V 和 Te,从而减少了这三种元素的大气排放。如果所有 Lascar 气体都与无水明矾平衡,那么每天会沉积 17 到 104 克有毒 Tl。这项研究表明,无水明矾显着固定了静止火山地面中的 Tl、V 和 Te,从而减少了这三种元素的大气排放。如果所有 Lascar 气体都与无水明矾平衡,那么每天会沉积 17 到 104 克有毒 Tl。这项研究表明,无水明矾显着固定了静止火山地面中的 Tl、V 和 Te,从而减少了这三种元素的大气排放。
更新日期:2020-04-01
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