In recent years, there has been a significant amount of interest and vigorous studies on mutations related to innate immunity receptor genes such as Toll-like receptors (TLR), which is driven by the identification of many associations between these mutations and development of various disorders leading, in particular, to autoimmune diseases. It has been proven that the occurrence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA sequences encoding TLRs causes malfunction of some key signaling pathways, and, as a result, increases the risk of autoimmune diseases. The identification of these polymorphisms can lead to the understanding of the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, which subsequently will create effective methods for the prevention and treatment thereof. This article examines the current state of the art, in particular summarizes data on the role of polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor genes in a number of autoimmune endocrine diseases, including type 1 diabetes mellitus, Graves' disease and Hashimoto's autoimmune thyroiditis. The search for relevant scientific data was carried out by entering search queries based on keywords: TLR, SNP, autoimmunity, Graves' disease, Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Hashimoto's autoimmune thyroiditis. The search was conducted through PubMed, MEDLINE, Elsevier journals, Science Direct and Russian Index of Scientific Citation, as well as other highly cited publications on Genetics, Immunology, and Pathophysiology - related to the topic.

中文翻译：

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Toll样受体基因和自身免疫性内分泌疾病的多态性。

近年来，与先天性免疫受体基因（如Toll样受体（TLR））相关的突变引起了广泛的兴趣和积极的研究，这是由这些突变与各种疾病的发展之间的许多关联的鉴定所推动的特别是导致自身免疫性疾病。业已证明，在编码TLR的DNA序列中单核苷酸多态性的出现会引起某些关键信号通路的失灵，并因此增加自身免疫性疾病的风险。这些多态性的鉴定可以导致对自身免疫性疾病发病机理的理解，随后将为预防和治疗创造有效的方法。本文研究了当前的技术水平，特别是总结了多态性在Toll样受体基因在许多自身免疫性内分泌疾病中的作用的数据，这些疾病包括1型糖尿病，Graves病和桥本自身免疫性甲状腺炎。通过输入基于关键词的搜索查询来进行相关科学数据的搜索：TLR，SNP，自身免疫性，格雷夫斯病，1型糖尿病，桥本自身免疫性甲状腺炎。该搜索是通过PubMed，MEDLINE，Elsevier杂志，Science Direct和Russian of Scientific Citation以及与该主题相关的其他在遗传学，免疫学和病理生理学上被高引用的出版物进行的。自身免疫性甲状腺炎。通过输入基于关键词的搜索查询来进行相关科学数据的搜索：TLR，SNP，自身免疫性，格雷夫斯病，1型糖尿病，桥本自身免疫性甲状腺炎。该搜索是通过PubMed，MEDLINE，Elsevier杂志，Science Direct和Russian of Scientific Citation以及与该主题相关的其他在遗传学，免疫学和病理生理学上被高引用的出版物进行的。自身免疫性甲状腺炎。通过输入基于关键词的搜索查询来进行相关科学数据的搜索：TLR，SNP，自身免疫性，格雷夫斯病，1型糖尿病，桥本自身免疫性甲状腺炎。该搜索是通过PubMed，MEDLINE，Elsevier杂志，Science Direct和Russian of Scientific Citation以及与该主题相关的其他在遗传学，免疫学和病理生理学上被高引用的出版物进行的。