Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease affecting more than 300 million people worldwide. Clinical features of asthma and its immunological and molecular etiology vary significantly among patients. An understanding of the complexities of asthma has evolved to the point where precision medicine approaches, including microbiome analysis, are being increasingly recognized as an important part of disease management. Lung and gut microbiota play several important roles in the development, regulation, and maintenance of healthy immune responses. Dysbiosis and subsequent dysregulation of microbiota-related immunological processes affect the onset of the disease, its clinical characteristics, and responses to treatment. Bacteria and viruses are the most extensively studied microorganisms relating to asthma pathogenesis, but other microbes, including fungi and even archaea, can potently influence airway inflammation. This review focuses on recently discovered connections between lung and gut microbiota, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea, and their influence on asthma.

中文翻译：

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肺和肠道菌群在哮喘病理中的作用。

哮喘是一种常见的慢性呼吸系统疾病，全世界有3亿多人受其影响。哮喘患者的临床特征及其免疫学和分子病因学差异很大。对哮喘复杂性的了解已发展到这样的地步，包括微生物组分析在内的精密医学方法正日益被认为是疾病管理的重要组成部分。肺和肠道菌群在健康免疫反应的发展，调节和维持中起着重要作用。菌群失调以及随后与微生物群有关的免疫过程失调会影响该疾病的发作，其临床特征以及对治疗的反应。细菌和病毒是与哮喘发病机理相关的研究最广泛的微生物，但其他微生物 包括真菌，甚至古生菌，都可以有效地影响气道炎症。这篇综述的重点是最近发现的肺和肠道微生物群之间的联系，包括细菌，真菌，病毒和古细菌，以及它们对哮喘的影响。