Tissues- and organs-on-chips are microphysiological systems (MPSs) that model the architectural and functional complexity of human tissues and organs that is lacking in conventional cell monolayer cultures. While substantial progress has been made in a variety of tissues and organs, chips recapitulating immune responses have not advanced as rapidly. This review discusses recent progress in MPSs for the investigation of immune responses. To illustrate recent developments, we focus on two cases in point: immunocompetent tumor microenvironment-on-a-chip devices that incorporate stromal and immune cell components and pathomimetic modeling of human mucosal immunity and inflammatory crosstalk. More broadly, we discuss the development of systems immunology-on-a-chip devices that integrate microfluidic engineering approaches with high-throughput omics measurements and emerging immunological applications of MPSs.

芯片上的组织和器官是微生理系统 (MPS)，可模拟传统细胞单层培养所缺乏的人体组织和器官的结构和功能复杂性。虽然在各种组织和器官中取得了实质性进展，但重现免疫反应的芯片并没有那么快地发展。本综述讨论了 MPS 用于研究免疫反应的最新进展。为了说明最近的发展，我们重点关注两个案例：包含基质和免疫细胞成分的免疫活性肿瘤微环境芯片设备，以及人类粘膜免疫和炎症串扰的病理模拟。更广泛地，