Phenotyping and genetic assessment of germplasm provide information about trait variability, which helps for effective breeding programs. In the present study, 12 indigenous finger millet genotypes from Koraput, India and three high-yielding improved genotypes were used for elucidation of genotypic variability of photosynthetic traits and genetic diversity using 36 SCoT (Start codon targeted polymorphism) markers. Significant variations were noticed in the CO₂ photosynthetic rate (P_N), stomatal conductance (g_s), transpiration rate (E), internal CO₂ concentration (Ci), water use efficiency and carboxylation efficiency among the genotypes. Significant variations of stomatal traits, pigment content, PS II activity and dry matter accumulation were also observed. The major morpho-physiological traits such as stomatal conductance, dry matter accumulation, shoot length and stomata per leaf area are played a pivotal role and are the major determinants of phenotypic diversity. The positive association of photosynthesis with dry matter accumulation indicates that some of the genotypes remarkably have more photosynthetic rate along with better plant biomass accumulation and can be used in future crop improvement program. Further, SCoT markers were polymorphic and revealed moderately high level of genetic diversity and provided information on population structure among the finger millet genotypes. The SCoT primers, SCoT-14, SCoT-18 SCoT-20 and SCoT-23 showed the higher PIC value and marker index, and potentiality for exploring the genetic diversity of studied millet genotypes. Based on the genetic similarity analysis it is revealed that some of the indigenous finger millet genotypes such as Jhana, Lala, Kurkuti, Ladu, Bhadi and Taya showed highest genetic disimilarity with modern high yielding genotype and can be considered as the potential genetic resources for breeding program.

种质的表型分型和遗传评估提供了有关性状变异的信息，这有助于有效的育种计划。在本研究中，使用来自印度科拉普特的12种土著手指粟基因型和3种高产改良基因型，利用36个SCoT（起始密码子靶向多态性）标记物阐明了光合特性和遗传多样性的基因型变异性。显著变化中的CO被注意到₂光合速率（P _Ñ），气孔导度（克_小号），蒸腾速率（E），内部CO ₂基因型之间的浓度（Ci），水分利用效率和羧化效率。还观察到气孔性状，色素含量，PS II活性和干物质积累的显着变化。主要的形态生理特征，如气孔导度，干物质积累，枝条长度和每叶面积的气孔起着关键作用，并且是表型多样性的主要决定因素。光合作用与干物质积累呈正相关，表明某些基因型具有更高的光合速率以及更好的植物生物量积累，可用于未来的作物改良计划。此外，SCoT标记是多态性的，显示出中等程度的遗传多样性，并提供了有关手指粟基因型之间种群结构的信息。SCoT引物SCoT-14，SCoT-18，SCoT-20和SCoT-23具有较高的PIC值和标记指数，具有探索小米基因型遗传多样性的潜力。根据遗传相似性分析，发现一些土著手指粟基因型，例如贾纳（Jhana），拉拉（Lala），库尔库蒂（Kurkuti），拉杜（Ladu），巴迪（Bhadi）和塔雅（Taya）具有最高的遗传双相似性，具有现代高产基因型，可被视为育种计划的潜在遗传资源。