In recent years, special attention has been paid to continuous methods of severe plastic deformation, such as the ECAP-Conform process. In this research, a new analytical method has been presented to calculate the required torque in ECAP-Conform of grade 2 commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti Gr. 2). In this regard, the process was divided into two regions, mainly the primary roll bending and the secondary ECAP zones. The energy balance method, as well as the upper-bound analysis, was used to calculate the required force and torque in the first and the second regions, respectively. Also, the ABAQUS/Explicit solver was utilized to simulate the ECAP-Conform process, as well as the numerical results, were compared with the theoretical outcomes. The shear friction factor between the die and the CP-Ti rod was estimated by the ring compression test for different lubricating conditions. It was found that whereas the friction factor plays an essential role in the implementation of the process, the hardening exponent of the raw material has a negligible effect on the required torque. Furthermore, in ECAP-Conform of AA6061 rod, the required torque for different die channel angles was calculated and compared with other researches. It was found that the results of the proposed theory had acceptable compliance with the numerical simulation.

中文翻译：

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ECAP-Conform工艺所需扭矩的理论与数值研究

近年来，特别关注严重塑性变形的连续方法，例如 ECAP-Conform 工艺。在这项研究中，提出了一种新的分析方法来计算 2 级商业纯钛 (CP-Ti Gr. 2) 的 ECAP-Conform 所需的扭矩。在这方面，该过程分为两个区域，主要是初级辊弯和次级 ECAP 区。能量平衡法以及上限分析分别用于计算第一和第二区域所需的力和扭矩。此外，还使用 ​​ABAQUS/Explicit 求解器来模拟 ECAP-Conform 过程，并将数值结果与理论结果进行比较。模具和 CP-Ti 棒之间的剪切摩擦系数通过不同润滑条件下的环压缩试验来估计。结果表明，虽然摩擦系数在该过程的实施中起着至关重要的作用，但原材料的硬化指数对所需扭矩的影响可以忽略不计。此外，在 AA6061 杆的 ECAP-Conform 中，计算了不同模具通道角度所需的扭矩，并与其他研究进行了比较。发现所提出的理论的结果与数值模拟具有可接受的一致性。在 AA6061 棒的 ECAP-Conform 中，计算了不同模具通道角度所需的扭矩，并与其他研究进行了比较。发现所提出的理论的结果与数值模拟具有可接受的一致性。在 AA6061 棒的 ECAP-Conform 中，计算了不同模具通道角度所需的扭矩，并与其他研究进行了比较。发现所提出的理论的结果与数值模拟具有可接受的一致性。