The process of grape berry ripening follows three phases with distinct metabolic processes and complex regulations via phytohormones. The physiological ripening disorder berry shrivel (BS) is characterized by reduced sugar accumulation, low anthocyanin contents, and high acidity in affected berries. The processes leading to BS induction are unknown, but recent transcriptional data on reduced expression of switch genes hint towards a disturbed ripening onset. Herein we investigated the phytohormone composition throughout grape berry ripening in healthy and BS berries in Vitis vinifera L. cultivar Blauer Zweigelt. Thereby we hypothesize that phytohormones are key players for BS induction and suppress the expression of switch genes at veraison. The presented metabolomics and RNAseq data describe two distinct phytohormone profiles in BS berries, differing between pre- and post-veraison with a clear ethylene precursor (aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, ACC) peak before veraison. Exogenous application of ACC led to BS symptoms, while ethephone application led to berry abscission. During post-veraison, we observed high ABA-glucose ester (ABA-GE) and low indole-3-acetate aspartate (IAA-Asp) and isopentenyladenine (iP) contents in BS berries and the transcriptional induction of several phytohormone pathways. The presented descriptive data provide valuable knowledge to further decipher the role of phytohormones in BS induction and BS symptom development.

中文翻译：

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在葡萄树生理性成熟障碍浆果枯萎的诱导和症状发展过程中，植物激素谱发生了强烈变化。


葡萄浆果的成熟过程分为三个阶段，具有不同的代谢过程和植物激素的复杂调节。生理性成熟障碍浆果枯萎 (BS) 的特点是受影响的浆果糖积累减少、花青素含量低、酸度高。导致 BS 诱导的过程尚不清楚，但最近有关开关基因表达减少的转录数据暗示成熟开始受到干扰。在此，我们研究了葡萄品种 Blauer Zweigelt 的健​​康浆果和 BS 浆果在整个葡萄浆果成熟过程中的植物激素组成。因此，我们假设植物激素是 BS 诱导的关键因素，并在转色期抑制开关基因的表达。所提供的代谢组学和 RNAseq 数据描述了 BS 浆果中两种不同的植物激素谱，转色前和转色后之间存在差异，转色前有明显的乙烯前体（氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸，ACC）峰值。外源应用 ACC 导致 BS 症状，而乙烯酮应用则导致浆果脱落。在转色后期间，我们观察到BS浆果中ABA-葡萄糖酯（ABA-GE）含量高，吲哚-3-乙酸酯天冬氨酸（IAA-Asp）和异戊烯基腺嘌呤（iP）含量低，以及几种植物激素途径的转录诱导。所提供的描述性数据为进一步破译植物激素在 BS 诱导和 BS 症状发展中的作用提供了宝贵的知识。