Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the CNS, hallmarked by inflammation and demyelination. Early stages of the disease frequently show active lesions containing numerous foamy macrophages and inflammatory cells. Disease progression is highlighted by increasing numbers of mixed active/inactive or inactive lesions showing sparse inflammation and pronounced astrogliosis. Furthermore, gray matter lesions increase in number and extent during disease progression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) comprise a group of several thousand (in humans more than 2000), small non-coding RNA molecules with a fundamental influence on about one-third of all protein-coding genes. Furthermore, miRNAs have been detected in body fluids, including spinal fluid, and they are assumed to participate in intercellular communications. Several studies have determined miRNA profiles from dissected white and gray matter lesions of autoptic MS patients. In this review, we summarize in detail the current knowledge of individual miRNAs in gray and white matter lesions of MS patients and present the concepts of MS tissue lesion development based on the altered miRNA profiles. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

中文翻译：

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灰色和白色物质多发性硬化病变中的MicroRNA：对病理生理的影响。

多发性硬化症（MS）是中枢神经系统的一种慢性疾病，以炎症和脱髓鞘为特征。疾病的早​​期阶段经常显示出活跃的病变，其中包含大量泡沫巨噬细胞和炎性细胞。通过增加活动性/非活动性或非活动性混合病灶的数量，显示出稀疏的炎症和明显的星形胶质变，突出了疾病的进展。此外，在疾病进展期间，灰质病变的数量和程度增加。微小RNA（miRNA）包含数千个（在人类中超过2000个）小型非编码RNA分子，对所有蛋白质编码基因中的约三分之一具有根本性影响。此外，已在体液（包括脊髓液）中检测到miRNA，并假定它们参与细胞间通讯。多项研究已经确定了解剖的MS患者的白和灰质病变的miRNA谱。在这篇综述中，我们详细总结了MS患者灰质和白质病灶中单个miRNA的当前知识，并根据改变的miRNA概况提出了MS组织病变发展的概念。©2020作者。John Wiley＆Sons Ltd代表大不列颠及爱尔兰病理学会出版的《病理学杂志》。