Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis reduces the risk of infection to a mother and neonate, but antibiotic-mediated maternal and neonatal microbiota dysbiosis increases other health risks to newborn infants. We studied the impact of perinatal antibiotic prophylaxis on the microbiota in mothers and newborns with full-term or preterm delivery. Ninety-eight pregnant women and their neonates were divided into the following four groups: full term without antibiotic exposure (FT), full term with antibiotic exposure (FTA), preterm without antibiotic exposure (PT), and preterm with antibiotic exposure (PTA). Bacterial composition was analyzed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene from maternal vaginal swabs (V) and neonatal meconium (F). The results showed that in maternal vaginal and neonatal meconium microbiota, FT and PT groups had a higher load of Lactobacillus spp. than did the FTA and PTA groups. In addition, whether in the mother or newborn, the dissimilarity in microbiota between FT and PT was the lowest compared to that between other groups. Compared to the FT and PT groups, the dissimilarity in microbial structures between the vagina and meconium decreased in the FTA and PTA groups. The health outcome of infants reveals an association between early-onset sepsis and antibiotic-mediated microbiota dysbiosis. In conclusion, perinatal antibiotic exposure is related to the establishment of gut microbiota and health risks in newborns. Promoting the rational usage of antibiotics with pregnant women will improve neonatal health.IMPORTANCE Perinatal antibiotic prophylaxis is an effective method for preventing group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection in newborns. Antibiotic exposure unbalances women's vaginal microbiota, which is associated with the establishment of the newborn gut microbiota. However, the influence of perinatal antibiotic exposure on neonatal gut microbiota colonization and health outcomes remains unclear. In this study, we found that perinatal antibiotic exposure induced microbiota dysbiosis in a woman's vagina and the neonatal gut, and we highlight a significant decrease in the abundance of Lactobacillus spp. The influence of antibiotic use on the microbiota was greater than that from gestational age. Additionally, full-term newborns without antibiotic exposure had no evidence of early-onset sepsis, whereas in full-term or preterm newborns with antibiotic exposure before birth, at least one infant was diagnosed with early-onset sepsis. These results suggest an association between perinatal antibiotic exposure and microbial dysbiosis in maternal vaginal and neonatal gut environments, which may be related to the occurrence of early-onset sepsis.

中文翻译：

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围产期抗生素暴露影响母体和新生儿微生物群之间的传播，并与早发败血症相关。

产前预防抗生素可降低母亲和新生儿感染的风险，但是抗生素介导的母体和新生儿微生物群失调会增加新生儿的其他健康风险。我们研究了足月或早产时围产期抗生素预防对母亲和新生儿微生物区系的影响。九十八名孕妇及其新生儿分为以下四组：足月无抗生素暴露（FT），足月含抗生素暴露（FTA），足月无抗生素暴露（PT）和足月含抗生素暴露（PTA） 。通过对来自孕妇阴道拭子（V）和新生儿胎粪（F）的16S rRNA基因进行测序来分析细菌组成。结果显示，在孕妇的阴道和新生儿胎粪微生物群中，FT和PT组的乳酸杆菌属菌种负荷较高。比FTA和PTA组要多。此外，无论在母亲还是新生儿中，与其他组相比，FT和PT之间的微生物群差异最小。与FT和PT组相比，FTA和PTA组的阴道和胎粪之间的微生物结构差异有所减少。婴儿的健康状况表明，早发型脓毒症与抗生素介导的微生物群营养不良之间存在关联。总之，围产期抗生素暴露与新生儿肠道菌群的建立和健康风险有关。促进孕妇合理使用抗生素将改善新生儿健康。重要信息围产期抗生素预防是预防新生儿B组链球菌（GBS）感染的有效方法。抗生素暴露会使女性的阴道菌群失衡，这与新生儿肠道菌群的建立有关。然而，围产期抗生素暴露对新生儿肠道菌群定植和健康结果的影响尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们发现围产期抗生素暴露会引起女性阴道和新生儿肠道中的微生物群失调，并且我们着重指出了乳酸杆菌属细菌的丰度显着降低。抗生素使用对微生物群的影响大于从胎龄开始的影响。此外，没有抗生素暴露的足月新生儿没有早期败血症的证据，而在足月或早产儿出生前已接触抗生素的新生儿中，至少有一名婴儿被诊断出患有早发性败血症。这些结果表明，围产期抗生素暴露与孕产妇阴道和新生儿肠道环境中的微生物代谢障碍之间可能存在关联，这可能与早发性败血症的发生有关。