The cell biology of mitochondrial membrane dynamics.,Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology

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The cell biology of mitochondrial membrane dynamics.
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology ( IF 81.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-18 , DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0210-7
Marta Giacomello ₁ , Aswin Pyakurel _{1,

2} , Christina Glytsou _{1,

2} , Luca Scorrano _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Owing to their ability to efficiently generate ATP required to sustain normal cell function, mitochondria are often considered the 'powerhouses of the cell'. However, our understanding of the role of mitochondria in cell biology recently expanded when we recognized that they are key platforms for a plethora of cell signalling cascades. This functional versatility is tightly coupled to constant reshaping of the cellular mitochondrial network in a series of processes, collectively referred to as mitochondrial membrane dynamics and involving organelle fusion and fission (division) as well as ultrastructural remodelling of the membrane. Accordingly, mitochondrial dynamics influence and often orchestrate not only metabolism but also complex cell signalling events, such as those involved in regulating cell pluripotency, division, differentiation, senescence and death. Reciprocally, mitochondrial membrane dynamics are extensively regulated by post-translational modifications of its machinery and by the formation of membrane contact sites between mitochondria and other organelles, both of which have the capacity to integrate inputs from various pathways. Here, we discuss mitochondrial membrane dynamics and their regulation and describe how bioenergetics and cellular signalling are linked to these dynamic changes of mitochondrial morphology.

中文翻译：

线粒体膜动力学的细胞生物学。

由于它们能够有效地产生维持正常细胞功能所需的 ATP，线粒体通常被认为是“细胞的动力源”。然而，当我们认识到线粒体是大量细胞信号级联反应的关键平台时，我们对线粒体在细胞生物学中的作用的理解最近得到了扩展。这种功能的多功能性与细胞线粒体网络在一系列过程中的不断重塑密切相关，这些过程统称为线粒体膜动力学，涉及细胞器融合和裂变（分裂）以及膜的超微结构重塑。因此，线粒体动力学不仅影响并经常协调新陈代谢，还影响复杂的细胞信号事件，例如那些参与调节细胞多能性、分裂、分化、衰老和死亡。反过来，线粒体膜动力学受到其机制的翻译后修饰以及线粒体和其他细胞器之间膜接触位点的形成的广泛调节，这两者都具有整合来自各种途径的输入的能力。在这里，我们讨论了线粒体膜动力学及其调控，并描述了生物能量学和细胞信号如何与线粒体形态的这些动态变化相关联。

更新日期：2020-02-18

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