Since the report in 2012 of a solid-state perovskite solar cell (PSC) with a power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.7% and a stability of 500 h, intensive efforts have been made to increase the certified PCE, reaching 25.2% in 2019. The PCE of PSCs now exceeds that of conventional thin-film solar-cell technologies, and the rate at which this increase has been achieved is unprecedented in the history of photovoltaics. Moreover, the development of moisture-stable and heat-stable materials has increased the stability of PSCs. Small-area devices (<1 cm²) are typically fabricated using a spin-coating method; however, this approach may not be suitable for the preparation of the large-area (>100 cm²) substrates required for commercialization. Thus, materials and methods need to be developed for coating large-area PSCs. In this Review, we discuss solution-based and vapour-phase coating methods for the fabrication of large-area perovskite films, examine the progress in performance and the parameters affecting the properties of large-area coatings, and provide an overview of the methodologies for achieving high-efficiency perovskite solar modules.

自2012年发布功率转换效率（PCE）为9.7％且稳定性为500 h的固态钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）以来，我们一直在努力提高认证的PCE，在2007年达到25.2％ 2019年。PSC的PCE现在超过了传统的薄膜太阳能电池技术，并且实现这种增长的速度在光伏技术的历史上是空前的。此外，水分稳定和热稳定材料的发展增加了PSC的稳定性。小面积器件（<1 cm ²）通常使用旋涂法制造；但是，此方法可能不适用于大面积（> 100 cm ²）商品化所需的基材。因此，需要开发用于涂覆大面积PSC的材料和方法。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了用于制造大面积钙钛矿薄膜的基于溶液和气相的涂覆方法，研究了性能的进步以及影响大面积钙钛矿性能的参数，并概述了用于实现高效钙钛矿太阳能电池组件。