Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key actors in inflammatory bowel disease.,Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology

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Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key actors in inflammatory bowel disease.
Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology ( IF 45.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-19 , DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0258-z
Aonghus Lavelle _{1,

2} , Harry Sokol _{1,

2,

3,

4}

Affiliation

A key role of the gut microbiota in the establishment and maintenance of health, as well as in the pathogenesis of disease, has been identified over the past two decades. One of the primary modes by which the gut microbiota interacts with the host is by means of metabolites, which are small molecules that are produced as intermediate or end products of microbial metabolism. These metabolites can derive from bacterial metabolism of dietary substrates, modification of host molecules, such as bile acids, or directly from bacteria. Signals from microbial metabolites influence immune maturation, immune homeostasis, host energy metabolism and maintenance of mucosal integrity. Alterations in the composition and function of the microbiota have been described in many studies on IBD. Alterations have also been described in the metabolite profiles of patients with IBD. Furthermore, specific classes of metabolites, notably bile acids, short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan metabolites, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD. This Review aims to define the key classes of microbial-derived metabolites that are altered in IBD, describe the pathophysiological basis of these associations and identify future targets for precision therapeutic modulation.

中文翻译：

肠道菌群衍生的代谢产物是炎症性肠病的关键因素。

在过去的二十年中，肠道菌群在建立和维持健康以及疾病的发病机理中发挥了关键作用。肠道微生物群与宿主相互作用的主要方式之一是通过代谢产物，这些代谢产物是作为微生物代谢的中间产物或最终产物产生的小分子。这些代谢物可源自饮食底物的细菌代谢，宿主分子（如胆汁酸）的修饰，或直接源自细菌。来自微生物代谢产物的信号影响免疫成熟，免疫稳态，宿主能量代谢和黏膜完整性的维持。在许多关于IBD的研究中已经描述了微生物群的组成和功能的改变。在IBD患者的代谢产物谱中也描述了改变。此外，IBD的发病机理还涉及特定种类的代谢产物，尤其是胆汁酸，短链脂肪酸和色氨酸代谢产物。这篇综述旨在确定在IBD中改变的微生物衍生代谢物的关键类别，描述这些关联的病理生理基础，并确定未来精确治疗调控的靶标。

更新日期：2020-02-19

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