We provide a strategy for the exact inference of the average as well as the fluctuations of the entropy production in non-equilibrium systems in the steady state, from the measurements of arbitrary current fluctuations. Our results are built upon the finite-time generalization of the thermodynamic uncertainty relation, and require only very short time series data from experiments. We illustrate our results with exact and numerical solutions for two colloidal heat engines.

中文翻译：

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通过简短的实验推断熵的产生

我们提供了一种策略，可以根据任意电流波动的测量结果，准确推算出平均值以及稳态下非平衡系统中熵产生的波动。我们的结果建立在热力学不确定性关系的有限时间概括上，并且仅需要来自实验的非常短的时间序列数据。我们用两个胶体热机的精确和数值解来说明我们的结果。