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Knowledge and Social Relatedness Shape Research Portfolio Diversification
arXiv - CS - Digital Libraries Pub Date : 2020-02-15 , DOI: arxiv-2002.06419
Giorgio Tripodi, Francesca Chiaromonte, and Fabrizio Lillo

Scientific discovery is shaped by scientists' choices and thus by their career patterns. The increasing knowledge required to work at the frontier of science makes it harder for an individual to embark on unexplored paths. Yet collaborations can reduce learning costs -- albeit at the expense of increased coordination costs. In this article, we use data on the publication histories of a very large sample of physicists to measure the effects of knowledge and social relatedness on their diversification strategies. Using bipartite networks, we compute a measure of topics similarity and a measure of social proximity. We find that scientists' strategies are not random, and that they are significantly affected by both. Knowledge relatedness across topics explains $\approx 10\%$ of logistic regression deviances and social relatedness as much as $\approx 30\%$, suggesting that science is an eminently social enterprise: when scientists move out of their core specialization, they do so through collaborations. Interestingly, we also find a significant negative interaction between knowledge and social relatedness, suggesting that the farther scientists move from their specialization, the more they rely on collaborations. Our results provide a starting point for broader quantitative analyses of scientific diversification strategies, which could also be extended to the domain of technological innovation -- offering insights from a comparative and policy perspective.

中文翻译:

知识和社会相关性塑造研究组合多元化

科学发现取决于科学家的选择,因此也取决于他们的职业模式。在科学前沿工作所需的知识不断增加,这使个人更难走上未探索的道路。然而,合作可以降低学习成本——尽管以增加协调成本为代价。在本文中,我们使用大量物理学家样本的发表历史数据来衡量知识和社会相关性对其多样化策略的影响。使用二分网络,我们计算主题相似性的度量和社会邻近性的度量。我们发现科学家的策略不是随机的,并且它们受到两者的显着影响。跨主题的知识相关性解释了 $\approx 10\%$ 的逻辑回归偏差和高达 $\approx 30\%$ 的社会相关性,这表明科学是一个突出的社会企业:当科学家离开他们的核心专业时,他们会所以通过合作。有趣的是,我们还发现知识和社会相关性之间存在显着的负相互作用,这表明科学家离专业越远,他们就越依赖合作。我们的结果为更广泛的科学多元化战略定量分析提供了一个起点,这也可以扩展到技术创新领域——从比较和政策的角度提供见解。当科学家们离开他们的核心专业时,他们是通过合作来实现的。有趣的是,我们还发现知识和社会相关性之间存在显着的负相互作用,这表明科学家离专业越远,他们就越依赖合作。我们的结果为更广泛的科学多元化战略定量分析提供了一个起点,这也可以扩展到技术创新领域——从比较和政策的角度提供见解。当科学家们离开他们的核心专业时,他们是通过合作来实现的。有趣的是,我们还发现知识和社会相关性之间存在显着的负相互作用,这表明科学家离专业越远,他们就越依赖合作。我们的结果为更广泛的科学多元化战略定量分析提供了一个起点,这也可以扩展到技术创新领域——从比较和政策的角度提供见解。
更新日期:2020-09-28
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