Domesticated Buffaloes have been integral to rice paddy agro-ecosystems for millennia, yet relatively little is known about the buffalo genomics. Here, we sequenced and assembled reference genomes for both swamp and river buffaloes and we re-sequenced 230 individuals (132 swamp buffaloes and 98 river buffaloes) sampled from across Asia and Europe. Beyond the many actionable insights, our study revealed about the domestication, basic physiology, and breeding of buffalo, we made the striking discovery that the divergent domestication traits between swamp and river buffaloes can be explained with recent selections of genes on social behavior, digestion metabolism, strengths and milk production.

中文翻译：

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从沼泽和河水牛种群的全基因组测序中了解不同的驯化特征

几千年来，驯化的水牛一直是稻田农业生态系统不可或缺的一部分，但对水牛基因组学的了解相对较少。在这里，我们对沼泽和河水牛的参考基因组进行了测序和组装，并对来自亚洲和欧洲的 230 只个体（132 只沼泽水牛和 98 只河水牛）进行了重新测序。除了许多可操作的见解之外，我们的研究揭示了水牛的驯化、基本生理学和繁殖，我们做出了惊人的发现，沼泽水牛和河水水牛之间不同的驯化特征可以用最近选择的社会行为、消化代谢基因来解释，优势和产奶量。