Phylogenomic analysis of novel Diaforarchaea is consistent with sulfite but not sulfate reduction in volcanic environments on early Earth.,The ISME Journal

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Phylogenomic analysis of novel Diaforarchaea is consistent with sulfite but not sulfate reduction in volcanic environments on early Earth.
The ISME Journal ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-17 , DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0611-9
Daniel R Colman ₁ , Melody R Lindsay ₁ , Maximiliano J Amenabar ₁ , Maria C Fernandes-Martins ₁ , Eric R Roden _{2,

3} , Eric S Boyd _{1,

3}

Affiliation

The origin(s) of dissimilatory sulfate and/or (bi)sulfite reducing organisms (SRO) remains enigmatic despite their importance in global carbon and sulfur cycling since at least 3.4 Ga. Here, we describe novel, deep-branching archaeal SRO populations distantly related to other Diaforarchaea from two moderately acidic thermal springs. Dissimilatory (bi)sulfite reductase homologs, DsrABC, encoded in metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) from spring sediments comprise one of the earliest evolving Dsr lineages. DsrA homologs were expressed in situ under moderately acidic conditions. MAGs lacked genes encoding proteins that activate sulfate prior to (bi)sulfite reduction. This is consistent with sulfide production in enrichment cultures provided sulfite but not sulfate. We suggest input of volcanic sulfur dioxide to anoxic spring-water yields (bi)sulfite and moderately acidic conditions that favor its stability and bioavailability. The presence of similar volcanic springs at the time SRO are thought to have originated (>3.4 Ga) may have supplied (bi)sulfite that supported ancestral SRO. These observations coincide with the lack of inferred SO42- reduction capacity in nearly all organisms with early-branching DsrAB and which are near universally found in hydrothermal environments.

中文翻译：

对新型 Diaforarchaea 的系统发育分析与早期地球火山环境中的亚硫酸盐还原一致，但与硫酸盐还原不一致。

异化硫酸盐和/或（双）亚硫酸盐还原生物（SRO）的起源仍然是个谜，尽管它们在至少 3.4 Ga 以来的全球碳和硫循环中发挥着重要作用。在这里，我们遥远地描述了新颖的、深分支的古菌 SRO 种群与来自两个中等酸性温泉的其他 Diaforarchaea 有亲缘关系。异化（亚）硫酸盐还原酶同源物 DsrABC，在来自春季沉积物的宏基因组组装基因组 (MAG) 中编码，构成了最早进化的 Dsr 谱系之一。 DsrA 同源物在中等酸性条件下原位表达。 MAG 缺乏编码在亚硫酸氢盐还原之前激活硫酸盐的蛋白质的基因。这与提供亚硫酸盐但不提供硫酸盐的富集培养物中硫化物的产生是一致的。我们建议将火山二氧化硫输入缺氧泉水中，产生亚硫酸氢盐和有利于其稳定性和生物利用度的适度酸性条件。据认为，在 SRO 起源时存在类似的火山泉 (>3.4 Ga)，可能提供了支持祖先 SRO 的亚硫酸(氢)盐。这些观察结果与几乎所有具有早期分枝 DsrAB 且在热液环境中几乎普遍存在的生物体缺乏推断的 SO42 还原能力相一致。

更新日期：2020-02-17

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