Young adulthood is associated with the highest rate of weight gain compared with any other adult age group. This review evaluates the effectiveness of interventions with adiposity outcomes among young adults and identifies which behaviour change techniques (BCTs) are most effective. BCT utilization was assessed using Michie's 93‐item BCT Taxonomy v1. Six electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials assessing change in adiposity in young adults (17‐35 years) until December 2019; identifying 21,582 articles. Fifty‐one studies were included. Meta‐analyses for weight (n=19 studies), body mass index (BMI) (n=20 studies), and waist circumference (n=10 studies) demonstrated no significant between‐group differences at ≤3 or >3 months. There were no differences between interventions focusing on weight loss or weight‐gain prevention. Narrative synthesis showed significant between‐group differences in weight change, favouring the intervention in 14/43 (33%) studies. In studies assessing BMI and waist circumference, this was 31% (11/36) and 25% (4/16). Two BCTs had a percentage effectiveness ratio >50% in weight loss interventions; social support (unspecified) and self‐monitoring behaviour, and one in weight‐gain prevention interventions; and goal‐setting (outcome). Findings demonstrate initial potential for these types of BCTs and can help build cumulative evidence towards delivering effective, cost‐efficient, and replicable interventions.

中文翻译：

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干预措施中哪些预防体重增加和/或减轻体重的行为改变技术可改善年轻人的肥胖状况？随机对照试验的系统评价和荟萃分析。

与其他成年年龄组相比，年轻成年期的体重增加率最高。这篇综述评估了青年人肥胖综合干预措施的有效性，并确定了哪种行为改变技术（BCT）最有效。使用Michie的93项BCT分类标准v1评估BCT利用率。搜索了六个电子数据库以获取随机对照试验，以评估年轻人（17-35岁）到2019年12月的肥胖状况; 确定21,582篇文章。包括五十一项研究。体重（n = 19研究），体重指数（BMI）（n = 20研究）和腰围（n = 10研究）的荟萃分析显示，在≤3个月或> 3个月时，组间无显着差异。专注于减肥或预防体重增加的干预措施之间没有差异。叙事综合显示体重变化在组间存在显着差异，有利于14/43（33％）研究的干预。在评估BMI和腰围的研究中，分别为31％（11/36）和25％（4/16）。两项BCT在减肥干预中的有效率百分比> 50％；社会支持（未指定）和自我监控行为，以及一项预防体重增加的干预措施；和目标设定（结果）。研究结果证明了这类BCT的初步潜力，可以帮助积累累积证据，以提供有效，具有成本效益和可复制的干预措施。在评估BMI和腰围的研究中，分别为31％（11/36）和25％（4/16）。两项BCT在减肥干预中的有效率百分比> 50％；社会支持（未指定）和自我监控行为，以及一项预防体重增加的干预措施；和目标设定（结果）。研究结果证明了这类BCT的初步潜力，可以帮助积累累积证据，以提供有效，具有成本效益和可复制的干预措施。在评估BMI和腰围的研究中，分别为31％（11/36）和25％（4/16）。两项BCT在减肥干预中的有效率百分比> 50％；社会支持（未指定）和自我监控行为，以及一项预防体重增加的干预措施；和目标设定（结果）。研究结果证明了这类BCT的初步潜力，可以帮助积累累积证据，以提供有效，具有成本效益和可复制的干预措施。