Abstract

The herbicide glyphosate is widely used to control weeds in grain crops. The overuse of glyphosate has induced issues such as contamination of surface water, decreased soils fertility, adverse effects on soil microbiota and possible incorporation in food chains. Here we review biochemical, agricultural, microbiological and analytical aspects of glyphosate. We discuss uptake, translocation, toxicity, degradation, complexation behaviour, analytical monitoring techniques and resistance emergence in crops. We provide data of glyphosate toxicity on different ecosystems. Experiments reveal that excessive glyphosate use induces stress on crops and on non-target plants, and is toxic for mammalians, microorganisms and invertebrates. The long half-life period of glyphosate and its metabolites under different environmental conditions is a major concern. Development of analytical methods for the detection of glyphosate is important because glyphosate has no chromophoric or fluorophoric groups.

中文翻译：

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草甘膦的吸收，易位，农作物的抗药性出现，分析监测，毒性和降解：综述

摘要

除草剂草甘膦广泛用于防治谷物作物中的杂草。草甘膦的过度使用引起了诸如地表水污染，土壤肥力下降，对土壤微生物群的不利影响以及可能掺入食物链等问题。在这里，我们回顾了草甘膦的生化，农业，微生物学和分析方面。我们讨论了作物的吸收，易位，毒性，降解，复合行为，分析监测技术和抗性出现。我们提供了草甘膦对不同生态系统的毒性数据。实验表明，过量使用草甘膦会给作物和非目标植物造成压力，并且对哺乳动物，微生物和无脊椎动物有毒。草甘膦及其代谢物在不同环境条件下的长半衰期是一个主要问题。