Brain metastasis (BM) predominantly occurs in triple-negative (TN) and epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer (BC) patients, and currently, there is an unmet need for the treatment of these patients. BM is a complex process that is regulated by the formation of a metastatic niche. A better understanding of the brain metastatic processes and the crosstalk between cancer cells and brain microenvironment is essential for designing a novel therapeutic approach. In this context, the aberrant expression of miRNA has been shown to be associated with BM. These non-coding RNAs/miRNAs regulate metastasis through modulating the formation of a metastatic niche and metabolic reprogramming via regulation of their target genes. However, the role of miRNA in breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) is poorly explored. Thus, identification and understanding of miRNAs in the pathobiology of BCBM may identify a novel candidate miRNA for the early diagnosis and prevention of this devastating process. In this review, we focus on understanding the role of candidate miRNAs in the regulation of BC brain metastatic processes as well as designing novel miRNA-based therapeutic strategies for BCBM.

中文翻译：

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microRNA协调乳腺癌脑转移的病理生理学：治疗进展。

脑转移（BM）主要发生在三阴性（TN）和表皮生长因子2（HER2）阳性的乳腺癌（BC）患者中，目前，对这些患者的治疗存在未满足的需求。BM是一个复杂的过程，受转移性利基形成的调节。更好地了解脑转移过程以及癌细胞与脑微环境之间的串扰对于设计一种新颖的治疗方法至关重要。在这种情况下，已经证明miRNA的异常表达与BM有关。这些非编码RNA / miRNA通过调节转移小生境的形成和通过调节靶基因的代谢重编程来调节转移。但是，miRNA在乳腺癌脑转移（BCBM）中的作用尚未得到充分研究。从而，BCBM病理生物学中对miRNA的鉴定和理解可能会为这种破坏性过程的早期诊断和预防确定一种新颖的候选miRNA。在这篇综述中，我们着重于了解候选miRNA在BC脑转移过程中的作用，以及为BCBM设计基于miRNA的新型治疗策略。