The present study compared the effects of training and detraining periods of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on functional performance, body composition, resting blood pressure and heart rate in elderly women nursing home residents. Forty-six volunteers (age, 80.8 ± 5.2 y; body mass, 69.8 ± 5.2 kg, height, 164.2 ± 4.12 cm) were divided into groups that performed treadmill exercise twice-weekly HIIT (4 bouts of 4-min intervals at 85–95% of the maximal heart rate [HRmax], interspersed by 4 min at 65% HRmax), MIIT (4 bouts of 4 min intervals at 55–75% HRmax, interspersed by 4 min at 45–50% HRmax) and MICT (30-min at 55–75% HRmax). Tests were performed before and after 8 weeks of training and 2 and 4 weeks of detraining. ANCOVA was used to analyze dependent variable changes. After 8 weeks HIIT promoted greater reductions in body mass (HIIT = − 1.6 ± 0.1 kg; MICT = − 0.9 ± 0.1 kg; MIIT = − 0.9 ± 0.1 kg; p = 0.001), fat mass (HIIT = − 2.2 ± 0.1%; MICT = − 0.7 ± 0.1%; MIIT = − 1.2 ± 0.1%; p < 0.001) and resting heart rate (HIIT = − 7.3 ± 0.3%; MICT = − 3.6 ± 0.3%; MIIT = − 5.1 ± 0.3%; p < 0.001) and greater improvement in the chair stand test (HIIT = 3.4 ± 0.1 reps; MICT = 2.5 ± 0.1 reps; MIIT = 3.1 ± 0.1 reps; p < 0.001) when compared to MIIT and MICT. These improvements were sustained after 2 and 4 weeks of detraining only in the HIIT group. HIIT promoted greater benefits for body composition and functional performance than MICT and MIIT and also showed less pronounced effects of detraining. This suggests that the intensity of physical exercise is an important factor to consider when prescribing exercise to the elderly.

中文翻译：

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高强度与中等强度间歇训练对老年女性功能、静息心率和血压的影响。


本研究比较了高强度间歇训练（HIIT）、中等强度间歇训练（MIIT）和中等强度持续训练（MICT）的训练和停训期对功能表现、身体成分、静息血压和心脏的影响老年妇女疗养院居民的比例。 46 名志愿者（年龄，80.8 ± 5.2 岁；体重，69.8 ± 5.2 公斤，身高，164.2 ± 4.12 厘米）被分为每周两次的跑步机锻炼 HIIT 组（4 次，每次 4 分钟，每次 85 米）最大心率 [HRmax] 的 95%，在 65% HRmax 时穿插 4 分钟）、MIIT（在 55–75% HRmax 时每 4 分钟间隔 4 次，在 45–50% HRmax 时穿插 4 分钟）和 MICT（ 55–75% HRmax 下 30 分钟）。在训练 8 周以及训练 2 周和 4 周之前和之后进行了测试。使用ANCOVA 分析因变量的变化。 8周后，HIIT促进体重（HIIT = − 1.6 ± 0.1 kg；MICT = − 0.9 ± 0.1 kg；MIIT = − 0.9 ± 0.1 kg；p = 0.001）、脂肪量（HIIT = − 2.2 ± 0.1%）的更大减少；MICT = − 0.7 ± 0.1%；MIIT = − 1.2 ± 0.1%；p < 0.001）和静息心率（HIIT = − 7.3 ± 0.3%；MICT = − 3.6 ± 0.3%；MIIT = − 5.1 ± 0.3%与 MIIT 和 MICT 相比，椅子站立测试有更大的改善（HIIT = 3.4 ± 0.1 次；MICT = 2.5 ± 0.1 次；MIIT = 3.1 ± 0.1 次；p < 0.001）。仅 HIIT 组在停止训练 2 周和 4 周后仍能保持这些改善。与 MICT 和 MIIT 相比，HIIT 对身体成分和功能表现有更大的益处，而且训练不足的影响也不太明显。这表明体育锻炼的强度是为老年人制定运动处方时需要考虑的重要因素。