Super-resolution microscopy (SRM) enables non-invasive, molecule-specific imaging of the internal structure and dynamics of cells with sub-diffraction limit spatial resolution. One of its major limitations is the requirement for high-intensity illumination, generating considerable cellular phototoxicity. This factor considerably limits the capacity for live-cell observations, particularly for extended periods of time. Here, we give an overview of new developments in hardware, software and probe chemistry aiming to reduce phototoxicity. Additionally, we discuss how the choice of biological model and sample environment impacts the capacity for live-cell observations.

中文翻译：

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生与死之间：降低超分辨率显微镜光毒性的策略

超分辨率显微镜 (SRM) 能够以亚衍射极限空间分辨率对细胞的内部结构和动力学进行非侵入性、分子特异性成像。其主要限制之一是需要高强度照明，产生相当大的细胞光毒性。这一因素极大地限制了活细胞观察的能力，特别是长时间观察。在这里，我们概述了旨在减少光毒性的硬件、软件和探针化学的新发展。此外，我们还讨论了生物模型和样本环境的选择如何影响活细胞观察的能力。