Tumours evolve to cope with environmental stresses or challenges such as nutrient starvation, depletion of survival factors, and unbalanced mechanical forces. The uncontrolled growth and aberrant deregulation of core cell homeostatic pathways induced by genetic mutations create an environment of stress. Here, we explore how the adaptations of tumours to the changing environment can drive changes in the motility machinery of cells, affecting migration, invasion, and metastasis. Tumour cells can invade individually or collectively, or they can be extruded out of the surrounding epithelium. These mechanisms are thought to be modifications of normal processes occurring during development or tissue repair. Therefore, tumours may activate these pathways in response to environmental stresses, enabling them to survive in hostile environments and spread to distant sites. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

中文翻译：

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充满压力的肿瘤环境会促进细胞迁移程序的可塑性，从而促进转移。


肿瘤的进化是为了应对环境压力或挑战，如营养匮乏、生存因素耗尽和不平衡的机械力。基因突变引起的不受控制的生长和核心细胞稳态途径的异常失调创造了一个压力环境。在这里，我们探讨肿瘤对不断变化的环境的适应如何驱动细胞运动机制的变化，从而影响迁移、侵袭和转移。肿瘤细胞可以单独或集体侵入，也可以从周围的上皮中挤出。这些机制被认为是发育或组织修复过程中发生的正常过程的修改。因此，肿瘤可能会激活这些途径来应对环境压力，使它们能够在恶劣的环境中生存并扩散到远处。 © 2020 作者。 《病理学杂志》由 John Wiley & Sons Ltd 代表大不列颠及爱尔兰病理学会出版。