BACKGROUND There is still controversy with regard to the efficacy of individual probiotic strains for the management of acute gastroenteritis. AIM To update evidence on use of Saccharomyces boulardii for treating acute gastroenteritis in children. METHODS The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched from inception to December 2019 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared use of S boulardii with no S boulardii (defined as placebo or no treatment). The grey literature was searched through Google search. Authors of the original papers and S boulardii manufacturers were contacted for additional data. RESULTS Twenty-nine RCTs (among them, 20 newly identified trials) were included. Only 38% of trials adequately generated their randomisation sequence, only 17% adequately concealed allocation and only one trial adequately blinded participants, study personnel and outcome assessors. However, 83% provided complete outcome data. None of the trials evaluated the effect of S boulardii on stool volume. Compared with placebo or no treatment, S boulardii use reduced the duration of diarrhoea (23 RCTs, n = 3450, mean difference -1.06 day, 95% CI -1.32 to -0.79; high heterogeneity [I2 = 90%]) (very low quality of evidence). S boulardii use was also associated with a reduced duration of hospitalisation (8 RCTs, n = 999, mean difference -0.85 day, 95% CI -1.35 to -0.34; I2 = 91%) (very low quality of evidence). S boulardii reduced the risk of diarrhoea on day 2 to day 7 (low quality of evidence). CONCLUSIONS In children with acute gastroenteritis, low- to very low-quality evidence suggests that S boulardii confers a benefit for several diarrhoeal outcomes.

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荟萃分析的系统评价：博拉氏酵母用于治疗儿童急性胃肠炎-2020年更新。

背景技术关于单独的益生菌菌株在治疗急性胃肠炎中的功效仍然存在争议。目的更新证据，使用布尔糖酵母治疗儿童急性肠胃炎。方法从开始到2019年12月，对Cochrane库，MEDLINE和EMBASE数据库进行搜索，以比较使用Sularularii和不使用Sularularii（定义为安慰剂或未治疗）的随机对照试验（RCT）。通过Google搜索来搜索灰色文献。联系原始论文的作者和S boulardii制造商以获取其他数据。结果纳入了29个RCT（其中包括20个新近确定的试验）。只有38％的试验足以产生其随机序列，只有17％的人充分掩盖了分配情况，只有一项试验使参与者，研究人员和结果评估者蒙上了阴影。但是，有83％的人提供了完整的结果数据。没有一个试验评估过牛bo对粪便量的影响。与安慰剂或不治疗相比，使用S boulardii可以减少腹泻的持续时间（23个RCT，n = 3450，平均差异-1.06天，95％CI -1.32至-0.79；高度异质性[I2 = 90％]）（非常低证据质量）。布尔氏酵母菌的使用还与住院时间的减少相关（8个RCT，n = 999，平均差异为-0.85天，95％CI为-1.35至-0.34； I2 = 91％）（证据质量极低）。S boulardii在第2天到第7天降低了腹泻的风险（证据质量低）。结论对于小儿急性胃肠炎，