Double-stranded DNA virioplankton dynamics and reproductive strategies in the oligotrophic open ocean water column.,The ISME Journal

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Double-stranded DNA virioplankton dynamics and reproductive strategies in the oligotrophic open ocean water column.
The ISME Journal ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-14 , DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0604-8
Elaine Luo ₁ , John M Eppley ₁ , Anna E Romano ₁ , Daniel R Mende ₁ , Edward F DeLong ₁

Affiliation

Microbial communities are critical to ecosystem dynamics and biogeochemical cycling in the open oceans. Viruses are essential elements of these communities, influencing the productivity, diversity, and evolution of cellular hosts. To further explore the natural history and ecology of open-ocean viruses, we surveyed the spatiotemporal dynamics of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses in both virioplankton and bacterioplankton size fractions in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, one of the largest biomes on the planet. Assembly and clustering of viral genomes revealed a peak in virioplankton diversity at the base of the euphotic zone, where virus populations and host species richness both reached their maxima. Simultaneous characterization of both extracellular and intracellular viruses suggested depth-specific reproductive strategies. In particular, analyses indicated elevated lytic interactions in the mixed layer, more temporally variable temperate phage interactions at the base of the euphotic zone, and increased lysogeny in the mesopelagic ocean. Furthermore, the depth variability of auxiliary metabolic genes suggested habitat-specific strategies for viral influence on light-energy, nitrogen, and phosphorus acquisition during host infection. Most virus populations were temporally persistent over several years in this environment at the 95% nucleic acid identity level. In total, our analyses revealed variable distributional patterns and diverse reproductive and metabolic strategies of virus populations in the open-ocean water column.

中文翻译：

寡营养开放海洋水柱中的双链 DNA 病毒浮游生物动力学和繁殖策略。

微生物群落对于公海的生态系统动态和生物地球化学循环至关重要。病毒是这些群落的重要组成部分，影响细胞宿主的生产力、多样性和进化。为了进一步探索公海病毒的自然历史和生态学，我们调查了北太平洋副热带环流（地球上最大的生物群落之一）中浮游病毒和浮游细菌大小部分的双链 DNA (dsDNA) 病毒的时空动态。。病毒基因组的组装和聚类揭示了浮游病毒多样性在真光带底部的峰值，其中病毒种群和宿主物种丰富度均达到最大值。细胞外和细胞内病毒的同时表征提出了深度特异性的繁殖策略。特别是，分析表明，混合层中的溶解相互作用增强，真光带底部的温带噬菌体相互作用随时间变化更大，中层海洋中的溶源作用增强。此外，辅助代谢基因的深度变异性表明了病毒对宿主感染期间光能、氮和磷获取影响的栖息地特异性策略。大多数病毒种群在这种环境中以 95% 的核酸同一性水平暂时持续存在数年。总的来说，我们的分析揭示了公海水体中病毒种群的可变分布模式以及多样化的繁殖和代谢策略。

更新日期：2020-02-14

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