New organic–inorganic nanocomposites based on PVA, SiO₂ and SSA were prepared in a single step using a solution casting method, with the aim to improve the thermomechanical properties and ionic conductivity of PVA membranes. The structure, morphology, and properties of these membranes were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), water uptake (Wu) measurements and ionic conductivity measurements. The SAXS/WAXS analysis showed that the silica deposited in the form of small nanoparticles (∼ 10 nm) in the PVA composites and it also revealed an appreciable crystallinity of pristine PVA membrane and PVA/SiO₂ membranes (decreasing with increasing silica loading), and an amorphous structure of PVA/SSA and PVA/SSA/SiO₂ membranes with high SSA loadings. The thermal and mechanical stability of the nanocomposite membranes increased with the increasing silica loading, and silica also decreased the water uptake of membranes. As expected, the ionic conductivity increased with increasing content of the SSA crosslinker, which is a donor of the hydrophilic sulfonic groups. Some of the PVA/SSA/SiO₂ membranes had a good balance between stability in aqueous environment (water uptake), thermomechanical stability and ionic conductivity and could be potential candidates for proton exchange membranes (PEM) in fuel cells.

使用溶液流延法一步一步制备了新的基于PVA，SiO ₂和SSA的有机-无机纳米复合材料，目的是改善PVA膜的热机械性能和离子电导率。这些膜的结构，形态和性质通过拉曼光谱，小和广角X射线散射（SAXS / WAXS），热重分析（TGA），差示扫描量热法（DSC），动态力学分析（DMA）进行表征），吸水率（Wu）和离子电导率测量。SAXS / WAXS分析表明，二氧化硅以小纳米颗粒（〜10 nm）的形式沉积在PVA复合材料中，并且还显示出原始PVA膜和PVA / SiO ₂的明显结晶度膜（随二氧化硅载量的增加而减少），以及具有高SSA载量的PVA / SSA和PVA / SSA / SiO ₂膜的无定形结构。纳米复合膜的热稳定性和机械稳定性随二氧化硅含量的增加而增加，二氧化硅也降低了膜的吸水率。正如预期的那样，离子电导率随SSA交联剂含量的增加而增加，SSA交联剂是亲水性磺酸基团的供体。一些PVA / SSA / SiO ₂膜在水环境中的稳定性（吸水率），热机械稳定性和离子电导率之间具有良好的平衡，并且可能是燃料电池中质子交换膜（PEM）的潜在候选者。