Recent advances in stem cell biology and molecular engineering have improved and simplified the methodology employed to create experimental chimeras, highlighting their value in basic research and broadening the spectrum of potential applications. Experimental chimeras have been used for decades during the generation of murine genetic models, this being especially relevant in developmental and regeneration studies. Indeed, their value for the research and modeling of human diseases was recognized by the 2007 Nobel Prize to Mario Capecchi, Martin Evans, and Oliver Smithies. More recently, their potential application in regenerative medicine has generated a lot of interest, particularly the enticing possibility to generate human organs for transplantation in livestock animals. In this review, we provide an update on interspecific chimeric organogenesis, its possibilities, current limitations, alternatives, and ethical issues.

中文翻译：

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二十世纪的嵌合体。

干细胞生物学和分子工程学的最新进展已改进和简化了用于创建实验嵌合体的方法，突出了它们在基础研究中的价值并扩大了潜在应用范围。实验嵌合体在鼠类遗传模型的产生中已经使用了数十年，这在发育和再生研究中特别重要。实际上，它们在人类疾病研究和建模中的价值已获得2007年诺贝尔奖获得者马里奥·卡佩奇，马丁·埃文斯和奥利弗·史密斯。最近，它们在再生医学中的潜在应用引起了很多兴趣，特别是诱使产生用于移植到牲畜中的人体器官的可能性。在这篇评论中