The repertoire of glycans expressed by individual cells and tissues is enormous, and various estimates indicate that thousands of different glycans and “glycan determinants” are critical for functional recognition by glycan-binding proteins. Defining the steady-state expression and functional impacts of the human glycome will require a concerted worldwide effort, along with the development of new immunological, genetic, chemical, and biochemical technologies. Here, we describe the generation of smart anti-glycan reagents (SAGRs), recombinant antibodies that recognize novel glycan determinants. The antibodies are generated by the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), through immunization with glycoconjugates, cells, and even tissues. SAGRs represent a versatile immunological tool for defining the expression of glycans in cells and tissues. We also present a comparison of lamprey-derived anti-carbohydrate antibodies that have been characterized to date. Finally, we explore the unique glyco-genome of the lamprey itself as it compares to those of humans and mice and how it may relate to the lamprey’s inherent capacity to produce antibodies to mammalian glycans.

中文翻译：

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Lampreys的抗体，它们是智能的抗聚糖试剂（SAGR）：其特异性，结构和糖基因组学的观点。

单个细胞和组织表达的聚糖谱库非常丰富，各种估计表明数千种不同的聚糖和“聚糖决定簇”对于聚糖结合蛋白的功能识别至关重要。定义人类糖蛋白的稳态表达和功能影响将需要在全球范围内共同努力，同时需要开发新的免疫，遗传，化学和生化技术。在这里，我们描述了智能抗聚糖试剂（SAGR）的产生，即识别新型聚糖决定簇的重组抗体。抗体是由海七lamp（Petromyzon marinus）产生的。），可通过糖缀合物，细胞甚至组织进行免疫接种。SAGR代表用于定义聚糖在细胞和组织中表达的通用免疫学工具。我们还介绍了迄今已表征的七lamp鳗来源的抗碳水化合物抗体的比较。最后，我们探讨了七rey鳗本身与人类和小鼠相比独特的糖基因组，以及它可能与七rey鳗产生针对哺乳动物聚糖的抗体的固有能力有关。