Efforts to understand fatigue in materials generally rely on defining relationships between the material response to fatigue loading and the evolving remaining material life portion. Typical measurements and data associated with such relationships include load (stress), displacement (strain), and associated properties (eg, mean stress and strain, energy dissipation, and residual stiffness). In addition to obtaining such measurements, efforts have been made to leverage nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods to obtain additional information and enhance the description of the material fatigue response, especially its evolution due to interacting material‐microstructure‐property relationships. Given the range of available NDE methods and the number of materials they can be applied to, a critical overview of related investigations is presented in this article. Specifically, the state of the art of applying optical, thermal, acoustic, electromagnetic, X‐ray, and other diffraction NDE methods in fatigue investigations is provided and discussed. The methods are individually described for background and defining their relationship to fatigue, followed by descriptions of their current uses and contributions to enhancing the understanding of fatigue, and their limitations and ways that improvements could be made.

中文翻译：

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无损评估方法在疲劳中的应用：综述

理解材料疲劳的努力通常依赖于定义材料对疲劳载荷的响应与不断变化的剩余材料寿命部分之间的关​​系。与这种关系相关的典型测量和数据包括载荷（应力），位移（应变）和相关属性（例如，平均应力和应变，能量耗散和残余刚度）。除了获得这些测量值外，还努力利用非破坏性评估（NDE）方法来获得更多信息并增强对材料疲劳响应的描述，尤其是由于材料-微观结构-性能关系相互作用而引起的疲劳演化。考虑到可用的NDE方法的范围以及可以应用的材料数量，本文介绍了相关调查的重要概述。具体而言，提供并讨论了在疲劳研究中应用光学，热，声学，电磁，X射线和其他衍射NDE方法的技术水平。分别介绍了这些方法的背景知识并定义了它们与疲劳的关系，然后描述了它们的当前用途和对增强疲劳理解的贡献，以及它们的局限性和改进方法。