Riboflavin (RF) and its active forms, the cofactors flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), have been extensively used in the food, feed and pharmaceutical industries. Modern commercial production of riboflavin is based on microbial fermentation, but the established genetically engineered production strains are facing new challenges due to safety concerns in the food and feed additives industry. High yields of flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide have been obtained using whole-cell biocatalysis processes. However, the necessity of adding expensive precursors results in high production costs. Consequently, developing microbial cell factories that are capable of efficiently producing flavin nucleotides at low cost is an increasingly attractive approach. The biotechnological processes for the production of RF and its cognate cofactors are reviewed in this article.

中文翻译：

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通过生物技术工艺生产核黄素和相关辅因子。

核黄素 (RF) 及其活性形式、辅因子黄素单核苷酸 (FMN) 和黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸 (FAD) 已广泛应用于食品、饲料和制药行业。核黄素的现代商业生产基于微生物发酵，但由于食品和饲料添加剂行业的安全问题，已建立的基因工程生产菌株面临着新的挑战。使用全细胞生物催化过程获得了高产率的黄素单核苷酸和黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸。然而，需要添加昂贵的前体导致生产成本高。因此，开发能够以低成本有效生产黄素核苷酸的微生物细胞工厂是一种越来越有吸引力的方法。本文综述了 RF 及其同源辅助因子生产的生物技术过程。