The transport of tungsten vapour evaporated from the electrode surfaces of a high-pressure xenon short-arc lamp, which is dominated by the gas convection in the lamp, determines the location and extent of the blackened area on the inner bulb wall. We have investigated factors affecting the vapour transport and other important phenomena related to the gas convection using a unified numerical model. The influence of the lamp operating parameters and also the thermodynamic and transport properties of the gas is discussed. The predicted lamp characteristics and phenomena agree well with experimental results. The gas velocity in the lamp is strongly affected by the Lorentz force and the gas density, which respectively depend on the current and the filling pressure. The viscosity and density of the gas adjacent to the anode surface were found to depend on the anode energy balance and to affect the resistance of the gas flow, which in turn affects the separation point of the gas flow from the anode surface. This indicates that the anode surface temperature, which is determined by the energy balance between the gas and the anode, also affects the blackening location.

中文翻译：

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电极能量平衡对高压氙气短弧灯气体对流模式的影响

从高压氙气短弧灯的电极表面蒸发的钨蒸气的传输，由灯内的气体对流决定，决定了灯泡内壁发黑区域的位置和范围。我们使用统一的数值模型研究了影响蒸汽传输的因素以及与气体对流相关的其他重要现象。讨论了灯工作参数的影响以及气体的热力学和传输特性。预测的灯特性和现象与实验结果非常吻合。灯中的气体速度受洛伦兹力和气体密度的强烈影响，它们分别取决于电流和填充压力。发现邻近阳极表面的气体的粘度和密度取决于阳极能量平衡并影响气流的阻力，这反过来又影响气流与阳极表面的分离点。这表明由气体和阳极之间的能量平衡决定的阳极表面温度也会影响黑化位置。