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Passive immunization with an extended half-life monoclonal antibody protects Rhesus macaques against aerosolized ricin toxin.
npj Vaccines ( IF 6.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-13 , DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-0162-0
Chad J Roy 1 , Greta Van Slyke 2 , Dylan Ehrbar 2 , Zachary A Bornholdt 3 , Miles B Brennan 3 , Lioudmila Campbell 3 , Michelle Chen 3 , Do Kim 3 , Neil Mlakar 3 , Kevin J Whaley 3 , Jeffrey W Froude 4, 5 , Fernando J Torres-Velez 2 , Ellen Vitetta 6 , Peter J Didier 1 , Lara Doyle-Meyers 1 , Larry Zeitlin 3 , Nicholas J Mantis 2
Affiliation  

Inhalation of ricin toxin (RT), a Category B biothreat agent, provokes an acute respiratory distress syndrome marked by pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production, neutrophilic exudate, and pulmonary edema. The severity of RT exposure is attributed to the tropism of the toxin's B subunit (RTB) for alveolar macrophages and airway epithelial cells, coupled with the extraordinarily potent ribosome-inactivating properties of the toxin's enzymatic subunit (RTA). While there are currently no vaccines or treatments approved to prevent RT intoxication, we recently described a humanized anti-RTA IgG1 MAb, huPB10, that was able to rescue non-human primates (NHPs) from lethal dose RT aerosol challenge if administered by intravenous (IV) infusion within hours of toxin exposure. We have now engineered an extended serum half-life variant of that MAb, huPB10-LS, and evaluated it as a pre-exposure prophylactic. Five Rhesus macaques that received a single intravenous infusion (25 mg/kg) of huPB10-LS survived a lethal dose aerosol RT challenge 28 days later, whereas three control animals succumbed to RT intoxication within 48 h. The huPB10-LS treated animals remained clinically normal in the hours and days following toxin insult, suggesting that pre-existing antibody levels were sufficient to neutralize RT locally. Moreover, pro-inflammatory markers in sera and BAL fluids collected 24 h following RT challenge were significantly dampened in huPB10-LS treated animals, as compared to controls. Finally, we found that all five surviving animals, within days after RT exposure, had anti-RT serum IgG titers against epitopes other than huPB10-LS, indicative of active immunization by residual RT and/or RT-immune complexes.

中文翻译:


使用延长半衰期的单克隆抗体进行被动免疫可以保护恒河猴免受雾化蓖麻毒素的侵害。



吸入 B 类生物威胁剂蓖麻毒素 (RT) 会引发急性呼吸窘迫综合征,其特征是促炎细胞因子和趋化因子产生、中性粒细胞渗出物和肺水肿。 RT 暴露的严重程度归因于毒素 B 亚基 (RTB) 对肺泡巨噬细胞和气道上皮细胞的趋向性,以及毒素酶亚基 (RTA) 的极强核糖体失活特性。虽然目前还没有批准用于预防 RT 中毒的疫苗或治疗方法,但我们最近描述了一种人源化抗 RTA IgG1 MAb huPB10,如果通过静脉注射给药,它能够使非人类灵长类动物 (NHP) 免受致命剂量 RT 气溶胶攻击。 IV) 在毒素暴露后数小时内输注。我们现在已经设计了该 MAb 的延长血清半衰期变体 huPB10-LS,并对其作为暴露前预防剂进行了评估。接受单次静脉输注(25 毫克/千克)huPB10-LS 的五只恒河猴在 28 天后经致死剂量气溶胶 RT 挑战存活下来,而三只对照动物在 48 小时内死于 RT 中毒。 huPB10-LS治疗的动物在毒素损伤后的数小时和数天内仍保持临床正常,这表明预先存在的抗体水平足以中和局部RT。此外,与对照组相比,在 huPB10-LS 处理的动物中,RT 攻击后 24 小时收集的血清和 BAL 液中的促炎标记物显着减弱。最后,我们发现所有五只幸存的动物在 RT 暴露后几天内都具有针对 huPB10-LS 以外表位的抗 RT 血清 IgG 滴度,表明残留 RT 和/或 RT 免疫复合物进行了主动免疫。
更新日期:2020-02-13
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