A catastrophic tropical drought kills hydraulically vulnerable tree species.,Global Change Biology

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A catastrophic tropical drought kills hydraulically vulnerable tree species.
Global Change Biology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-21 , DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15037
Jennifer S Powers _{1,

2} , German Vargas G ₂ , Timothy J Brodribb ₃ , Naomi B Schwartz ₄ , Daniel Pérez-Aviles ₁ , Chris M Smith-Martin ₂ , Justin M Becknell ₅ , Filippo Aureli _{6,

7} , Roger Blanco ₈ , Erick Calderón-Morales ₁ , Julio C Calvo-Alvarado ₉ , Ana Julieta Calvo-Obando ₉ , María Marta Chavarría ₈ , Dorian Carvajal-Vanegas ₉ , César D Jiménez-Rodríguez _{9,

10} , Evin Murillo Chacon ₈ , Colleen M Schaffner _{7,

11} , Leland K Werden ₂ , Xiangtao Xu _{12,

13} , David Medvigy ₁₄

Affiliation

Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia.
Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Environmental Studies Program, Colby College, Waterville, ME, USA.
School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
Instituto de Neuroetologia, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico.
Programa de Investigación, Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Sistema Nacional de Areas de Conservación, Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía, Liberia, Costa Rica.
Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica.
Water Resources Section, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
Psychology Department, Adams State University, Alamosa, CO, USA.
Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Department of Biological Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.

Drought-related tree mortality is now a widespread phenomenon predicted to increase in magnitude with climate change. However, the patterns of which species and trees are most vulnerable to drought, and the underlying mechanisms have remained elusive, in part due to the lack of relevant data and difficulty of predicting the location of catastrophic drought years in advance. We used long-term demographic records and extensive databases of functional traits and distribution patterns to understand the responses of 20 to 53 species to an extreme drought in a seasonally dry tropical forest in Costa Rica, which occurred during the 2015 El Niño Southern Oscillation event. Overall, species-specific mortality rates during the drought ranged from 0% to 34%, and varied little as a function of tree size. By contrast, hydraulic safety margins correlated well with probability of mortality among species, while morphological or leaf economics spectrum traits did not. This firmly suggests hydraulic traits as targets for future research.

中文翻译：

一场灾难性的热带干旱杀死了水力脆弱的树木。

与干旱有关的树木死亡率现在是一种普遍的现象，预计随着气候变化其强度将增加。但是，物种和树木最容易受到干旱影响的模式以及潜在的机制仍然难以捉摸，部分原因是缺乏相关数据以及难以提前预测灾难性干旱年份的位置。我们使用长期的人口统计记录以及功能特征和分布模式的大量数据库来了解20至53种物种对哥斯达黎加季节性干旱热带森林中极端干旱的反应，这种情况发生在2015年厄尔尼诺南方涛动事件期间。总体而言，干旱期间特定物种的死亡率在0％到34％之间，并且随树的大小而变化不大。相比之下，水力安全裕度与物种间的死亡概率密切相关，而形态学或叶片经济学的光谱特征却没有。这坚定地暗示了水力性状作为未来研究的目标。

更新日期：2020-04-22

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