BACKGROUND Despite the growing interest in the relation between adiposity in children and different lifestyle clusters, few studies used a longitudinal design to examine a large range of behaviors in various contexts, in particular eating- and sleep-related routines, and few studies have examined these factors in young children. The objectives of this study were to identify clusters of boys and girls based on diet, sleep and activity-related behaviors and their family environment at 2 and 5 years of age, and to assess whether the clusters identified varied across maternal education levels and were associated with body fat at age 5. METHODS At 2 and 5 years, respectively, 1436 and 1195 parents from the EDEN mother-child cohort completed a questionnaire including behavioral data. A latent class analysis aimed to uncover gender-specific behavioral clusters. Body fat percentage was estimated by anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance measurements. Association between cluster membership and body fat was assessed with mutivariable linear regression models. RESULTS At 2 years, two clusters emerged that were essentially characterized by opposite eating habits. At 5 years, TV exposure was the most distinguishing feature, but the numbers and types of clusters differed by gender. An association between cluster membership and body fat was found only in girls at 5 years of age, with girls in the cluster defined by very high TV exposure and unfavorable mealtime habits (despite high outdoor playing and walking time) having the highest body fat. Girls whose mother had low educational attainment were more likely to be in this high-risk cluster. Girls who were on a cluster evolution path corresponding to the highest TV viewing time and the least favorable mealtime habits from 2 to 5 years of age had higher body fat at 5 years. CONCLUSIONS Efforts to decrease TV time and improve mealtime routines may hold promise for preventing overweight in young children, especially girls growing up in disadvantaged families. These preventive efforts should start as early in life as possible, ideally before the age of two, and should be sustained over the preschool years.

中文翻译：

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学龄前儿童的饮食，体育锻炼，电视曝光和睡眠习惯及其与肥胖的联系：EDEN母婴队列。

背景技术尽管人们越来越关注儿童肥胖与不同生活方式集群之间的关系，但很少有研究使用纵向设计来检查各种情况下的各种行为，特别是与饮食和睡眠有关的常规行为，很少有研究对这些进行研究。年幼儿童的因素。这项研究的目的是根据饮食，睡眠和与活动有关的行为以及他们在2和5岁时的家庭环境，确定男孩和女孩的群体，并评估确定的群体是否在孕产妇教育水平上有所不同并与之相关。方法：在5岁时有体脂。方法在2岁和5岁时，来自EDEN母婴队列的1436位和1195位父母分别完成了包括行为数据的问卷调查。潜在类别分析旨在发现特定性别的行为群。通过人体测量和生物电阻抗测量来估计体脂百分比。通过多变量线性回归模型评估了簇成员与体脂之间的关联。结果在2年时，出现了两个饮食族群，其本质是相反的饮食习惯。在5年时，电视曝光是最明显的特征，但是群集的数量和类型因性别而异。仅在5岁的女孩中发现集群成员与体脂之间的关联，集群中的女孩被定义为很高的电视曝光率和不良的进餐时间习惯（尽管户外玩耍和散步时间较长），而其中的体脂最高。母亲的受教育程度低的女孩更有可能属于这个高风险人群。处于电视节目观看时间最长，而2至5岁的就餐时间习惯最差的集群发展道路上的女孩在5岁时的体内脂肪更高。结论减少电视时间和改善就餐时间的努力可能有望防止幼儿，特别是处境不利家庭中长大的女孩超重。这些预防措施应尽早开始，最好是在两岁之前开始，并应在学龄前维持下去。结论减少电视时间和改善就餐时间的努力可能有望防止幼儿，特别是处境不利家庭中长大的女孩超重。这些预防措施应尽早开始，最好是在两岁之前开始，并应在学龄前维持下去。结论减少电视时间和改善就餐时间的努力可能有望防止幼儿，特别是处境不利家庭中长大的女孩超重。这些预防措施应尽早开始，最好是在两岁之前开始，并应在学龄前维持下去。