BACKGROUND Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic oral diseases worldwide. Dental caries is mainly associated with Streptococcus mutans and the Lactobacillus species. A specific relationship was found between nicotine and S. mutans growth as the presence of nicotine increased S. mutans biofilm formation. Nicotine is able to increase the number of S. mutans and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) synthesis. Among the widely used herbs and spices is cinnamon which demonstrated a strong antibacterial activity against a wide variety of bacteria including S. mutans and showed the ability to inhibit S. mutans biofilm formation. Cinnamon essential oil, obtained from the leaves of C. zeylanicum, has been demonstrated to be effective against S. mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus, which are partially responsible for dental plaque formation and caries development. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of nicotine exposure on the inhibitory effects of cinnamon water extract on S. mutans biofilm formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 24-h culture of S. mutans UA159 in microtiter plates was treated with varying nicotine concentrations (0-32 mg/ml) in Tryptic Soy broth supplemented with 1% sucrose (TSBS) with or without a standardized concentration (2.5 mg/ml) of cinnamon water extract. A spectrophotometer was used to determine total growth absorbance and planktonic growth. The microtiter plate wells were washed, fixed and stained with crystal violet dye and the absorbance measured to determine biofilm formation. RESULTS The presence of 2.5 mg/ml cinnamon water extract inhibits nicotine-induced S. mutans biofilm formation from 34 to 98% at different concentrations of nicotine (0-32 mg/ml). CONCLUSION The results demonstrated nicotine-induced S. mutans biofilm formation is decreased from 34 to 98% in the presence of 2.5 mg/ml cinnamon water extract. This provides further evidence about the biofilm inhibitory properties of cinnamon water extract and reconfirms the harmful effects of nicotine.

中文翻译：

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肉桂水提取物对尼古丁诱导的变形链球菌生物膜的体外抑癌作用。

背景技术龋齿是全世界最普遍的慢性口腔疾病之一。龋齿主要与变形链球菌和乳杆菌属有关。在尼古丁和变形链球菌的生长之间发现了特定的关系，因为尼古丁的存在增加了变形链球菌的生物膜形成。尼古丁能够增加变形链球菌和细胞外多糖（EPS）的合成数量。在广泛使用的草药和香料中，肉桂显示出对包括变形链球菌在内的多种细菌的强抗菌活性，并具有抑制变形链球菌生物膜形成的能力。从玉米from虫的叶子中获得的肉桂精油已被证明可有效抵抗变形链球菌和嗜酸乳杆菌，它们部分负责牙菌斑的形成和龋齿的发展。这项研究的目的是确定尼古丁暴露对肉桂水提取物对变形链球菌生物膜形成的抑制作用。材料与方法在微量滴定板中对变形链球菌UA159进行24小时培养，在添加或不含标准浓度（2.5）的胰蛋白酶大豆肉汤中添加1％蔗糖（TSBS）的烟碱浓度（0-32 mg / ml）处理毫克/毫升）肉桂水提取物。使用分光光度计确定总生长吸收率和浮游生物生长。洗涤微量滴定板孔，固定并用结晶紫染料染色，并测量吸光度以确定生物膜的形成。结果2.5 mg / ml肉桂水提取物的存在抑制了尼古丁诱导的S。在不同浓度的尼古丁（0-32 mg / ml）下，变形菌的生物膜形成从34％到98％不等。结论结果表明，在2.5 mg / ml肉桂水提取物的存在下，烟碱诱导的变形链球菌生物膜形成从34％降至98％。这提供了有关肉桂水提取物的生物膜抑制特性的进一步证据，并证实了尼古丁的有害作用。