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Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Strokes: Current US Access Paradigms and Optimization Methodology.
Stroke ( IF 7.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-12 , DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.028850
Amrou Sarraj 1 , Sean Savitz 2 , Deep Pujara 1 , Haris Kamal 1 , Kirsten Carroll 3 , Faris Shaker 1 , Sujan Reddy 1 , Kaushik Parsha 1 , Lauren E Fournier 1 , Erica M Jones 1 , Anjail Sharrief 1 , Sheryl Martin-Schild 4 , James Grotta 5
Affiliation  

Background and Purpose- Timely access to endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) centers is vital for best acute ischemic stroke outcomes. Methods- US stroke-treating centers were mapped utilizing geo-mapping and stratified into non-EVT or EVT if they reported ≥1 acute ischemic stroke thrombectomy code in 2017 to Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Direct EVT-access, defined as the population with the closest facility being an EVT-center, was calculated from validated trauma-models adapted for stroke. Current 15- and 30-minute access were described nationwide and at state-level with emphasis on 4 states (TX, NY, CA, IL). Two optimization models were utilized. Model-A used a greedy algorithm to capture the largest population with direct access when flipping 10% and 20% non-EVT to EVT-centers to maximize access. Model-B used bypassing methodology to directly transport patients to the nearest EVT centers if the drive-time difference from the geo-centroid to hospital was within 15 minutes from the geo-centroid to the closest non-EVT center. Results- Of 1941 stroke-centers, 713 (37%) were EVT. Approximately 61 million (19.8%) Americans have direct EVT access within 15 minutes while 95 million (30.9%) within 30 minutes. There were 65 (43%) EVT centers in TX with 22% of the population currently within 15-minute access. Flipping 10% hospitals with top population density improved access to 30.8%, while bypassing resulted in 45.5% having direct access to EVT centers. Similar results were found in NY (current, 20.9%; flipping, 34.7%; bypassing, 50.4%), CA (current, 25.5%; flipping, 37.3%; bypassing, 53.9%), and IL (current, 15.3%; flipping, 21.9%; bypassing, 34.6%). Nationwide, the current direct access within 15 minutes of 19.8% increased by 7.5% by flipping the top 10% non-EVT to EVT-capable in all states. Bypassing non-EVT centers by 15 minutes resulted in a 16.7% gain in coverage. Conclusions- EVT-access within 15 minutes is limited to less than one-fifth of the US population. Optimization methodologies that increase EVT centers or bypass non-EVT to the closest EVT center both showed enhanced access. Results varied by states based on the population size and density. However, bypass showed more potential for maximizing direct EVT-access. National and state efforts should focus on identifying gaps and tailoring solutions to improve EVT-access.

中文翻译:

急性缺血性卒中的血管内血栓切除术:当前的美国Access范例和优化方法。

背景和目的-及时进入血管内血栓切除术(EVT)中心对于获得最佳急性缺血性卒中结局至关重要。方法-如果美国卒中治疗中心在2017年向Medicare和Medicaid Services中心报告了≥1份急性缺血性卒中血栓切除术代码,则使用地理映射进行地图绘制并分层为非EVT或EVT。直接EVT通路,定义为以最近的设施为EVT中心的人口,是根据适用于中风的经过验证的创伤模型计算得出的。目前在全国和州一级描述了15分钟和30分钟的访问时间,重点是4个州(德克萨斯州,纽约州,加利福尼亚州,伊利诺伊州)。利用了两个优化模型。当将10%和20%的非EVT切换到EVT中心以最大化访问权限时,模型A使用贪婪算法捕获直接访问的最大人口。如果从地心中心到医院的行驶时间差在从地心中心到最近的非EVT中心的15分钟之内,则模型B使用绕过方法将患者直接运送到最近的EVT中心。结果-在1941个卒中中心中,有713个(37%)为EVT。大约有6100万(19.8%)的美国人在15分钟内可以直接进入EVT,而30分钟之内有9500万(30.9%)的人可以直接进入EVT。德克萨斯州有65个(43%)EVT中心,目前有15%的人口在22%的范围内。将10%的人口密度最高的医院改建为30.8%的医院,而绕开医院则有45.5%的医院可以直接进入EVT中心。NY(当前,20.9%;翻转,34.7%;旁路,50.4%),CA(当前,25.5%;翻转,37.3%;旁路,53.9%)和IL(当前,15.3%;翻转)发现了相似的结果,21.9%;绕过,34。6%)。在全国范围内,当前的直接访问在15分钟内达到19.8%,通过将所有州中前10%的非EVT变为支持EVT的方式,增加了7.5%。绕过非EVT中心15分钟,覆盖范围增加了16.7%。结论15分钟内获得EVT的机会仅限于不到美国人口的五分之一。增加EVT中心或将非EVT绕过最近的EVT中心的优化方法都显示出增强的访问权限。结果因州的人口规模和密度而异。但是,旁路显示出最大的潜力,可以最大程度地增加直接EVT访问。国家和州的努力应着重于找出差距并制定解决方案以改善获得EVT的机会。绕过非EVT中心15分钟,覆盖范围增加了16.7%。结论15分钟内获得EVT的机会仅限于不到美国人口的五分之一。增加EVT中心或将非EVT绕过最近的EVT中心的优化方法均显示出增强的访问权限。结果因州的人口规模和密度而异。但是,旁路显示出最大的潜力,可以最大程度地增加直接EVT访问。国家和州的努力应着重于找出差距并制定解决方案以改善获得EVT的机会。绕过非EVT中心15分钟,覆盖范围增加了16.7%。结论15分钟内获得EVT的机会仅限于不到美国人口的五分之一。增加EVT中心或将非EVT绕过最近的EVT中心的优化方法都显示出增强的访问权限。结果因州的人口规模和密度而异。但是,旁路显示出最大的潜力,可以最大程度地增加直接EVT访问。国家和州的努力应着重于找出差距并制定解决方案以改善获得EVT的机会。结果因州的人口规模和密度而异。但是,旁路显示出最大的潜力,可以最大程度地增加直接EVT访问。国家和州的努力应着重于找出差距并制定解决方案以改善EVT的获取。结果因州的人口规模和密度而异。但是,旁路显示出最大的潜力,可以最大程度地增加直接EVT访问。国家和州的努力应着重于找出差距并制定解决方案以改善获得EVT的机会。
更新日期:2020-02-12
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