OBJECTIVE To verify whether the pedicle screw placement (PSP) skills of young surgeons receiving immersive virtual reality surgical simulator (IVRSS) training could be improved effectively and whether the IVRSS-PSP training mode could produce a real clinical value in clinical surgery. METHODS Twenty-four young surgeons were equally randomized to a VR group and a NON-VR group. Participants in VR group received IVRSS-PSP training, and those in NON-VR group used the conventional model of observing a spinal model first and then watching a teaching video of spinal surgery for 40 minutes x five. The nailing outcome of the participants before and after training was evaluated by statistical analysis in both groups. RESULTS Post-training data analysis showed that the success rate and accuracy rate of screw placement in VR group and NON-VR group were 82.9% and 69.6% vs. 74.2% and 55.4%, respectively, showing statistically significant differences between the two groups by chi-square test (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that IVRSS-PSP was helpful to improve the success rate of PSP for young surgeons, and may provide valuable reference for PSP training of young surgeons. In addition, our study also showed a promising potential of the VR technology in surgical simulation training.

中文翻译：

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沉浸式虚拟现实手术模拟器训练对椎弓根螺钉放置的功效：一项随机双盲对照试验。

目的验证是否可以有效提高接受沉浸式虚拟现实手术模拟器（IVRSS）培训的年轻外科医生的椎弓根螺钉放置（PSP）技能，以及IVRSS-PSP培训模式是否可以在临床手术中产生实际的临床价值。方法将二十四位年轻的外科医生同等地随机分为VR组和NON-VR组。VR组的参与者接受了IVRSS-PSP培训，而非VR组的参与者则使用传统的模型，即先观察脊柱模型，然后观看40分钟x 5的脊柱外科手术教学视频。两组患者在训练前后的指甲结局均通过统计学分析进行评估。结果训练后数据分析表明，VR组和NON-VR组的螺钉置入成功率和准确率均为82。分别为9％和69.6％，分别为74.2％和55.4％，通过卡方检验显示两组之间具有统计学显着性差异（P <0.05）。结论本研究表明，IVRSS-PSP有助于提高PSP在年轻外科医生中的成功率，并可能为年轻外科医生的PSP培训提供有价值的参考。此外，我们的研究还显示了VR技术在外科手术模拟培训中的潜力。