Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) that can harvest environmental mechanical energy have been considered as a promising solution in driving wearable electronics. In order to maximize the surface charge density, intense efforts have been devoted to the development of various geometrical micro-/nanostructures on the triboelectric surface. However, this approach generally has a low throughput and high cost, making it highly challenging for practical applications. In this study, we present a promising strategy to simultaneously enhance the performance and stability of TENGs by using silane-based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Silane-based SAM molecules, including fluorinated molecules with different numbers of fluorine (F) atoms and 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES), are employed as the surface modification layer for the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) dielectric layer and the aluminum (Al) electrode, respectively. The trichlorosilane groups on these SAMs can hydrolyze to form a covalent bond with the substrate, providing the TENGs with admirable device characteristics. Among the fluorinated molecules investigated herein, the SAMs based on 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorododecyltrichlorosilane (F₂₁) afford the highest output characteristics due to the most distinct difference in the ability to attract and transfer surface electrons from the Al layer to PDMS, delivering an open circuit voltage (V_oc) of 600 V and a short circuit current (I_sc) of 52 μA. The device performance can be further improved by incorporating APTES SAMs on the Al surface, and a V_oc of 873 V and an I_sc of 78 μA are attained. To the best of our knowledge, these characteristics represent the highest output performance ever reported for SAM-modified TENGs. Importantly, the resulting TENG also exhibits good durability, maintaining 96% of its initial voltage output after 250 000 cycles of repeated tests. More encouragingly, our strategy is also applicable for large-area TENGs. The present findings indicate that tailoring the atomic-scale interfacial properties plays an important role in the development of high-performance and stable TENGs.

中文翻译：

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通过使用基于硅烷的自组装单分子层，增强了摩擦电纳米发电机的输出性能和稳定性

可以收集环境机械能的摩擦电纳米发电机（TENG）被认为是驱动可穿戴电子设备的有前途的解决方案。为了使表面电荷密度最大化，已经在摩擦电表面上致力于开发各种几何微/纳米结构。然而，这种方法通常具有低吞吐量和高成本，这使其在实际应用中具有很高的挑战性。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种有前途的策略，可以通过使用基于硅烷的自组装单分子膜（SAM）同时增强TENG的性能和稳定性。基于硅烷的SAM分子，包括具有不同数量的氟（F）原子的氟化分子和3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（APTES），分别使用聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯作为聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）电介质层和铝（Al）电极的表面改性层。这些SAM上的三氯硅烷基团可以水解形成与底物的共价键，从而为TENG提供令人钦佩的器件特性。在本文研究的氟化分子中，基于1的SAMH，1 H，2 H，2 H-全氟十二烷基三氯硅烷（F ₂₁）具有最高的输出特性，这是因为从铝层吸引和转移表面电子到PDMS的能力差异最为明显，从而提供开路电压（V _oc）为600 V，短路电流（I _sc）为52μA。通过在Al表面上结合APTES SAM和873 V的V _oc和I _sc可以进一步改善器件性能。达到78μA。据我们所知，这些特性代表了SAM改性TENG所报告的最高输出性能。重要的是，所得的TENG还具有良好的耐久性，在经过25万次反复测试后，仍保持其初始电压输出的96％。更令人鼓舞的是，我们的策略也适用于大面积的TENG。目前的发现表明，调整原子尺度的界面性质在高性能和稳定的TENG的发展中起着重要的作用。