The galling behaviour of 316L stainless steel was investigated in both the unoxidised and oxidised states, after exposure in simulated PWR water for 850 hours. Galling testing was performed according to ASTM G196 in ambient conditions. 316L was found to gall by the wedge growth and flow mechanism in both conditions. This resulted in folds ahead of the prow and adhesive junction, forming a heavily sheared multilayered prow. The galling trough was seen to have failed through successive shear failure during wedge flow. Immediately beneath the surface a highly sheared nanocrystalline layer was seen, termed the tribologically affected zone (TAZ). It was observed that strain-induced martensite formed within the TAZ. Galling damage was quantified using Rt (maximum height - maximum depth) and galling area (the proportion of the sample which is considered galled), and it was shown that both damage measures decreased significantly on the oxidised samples. At an applied normal stress of 4.2 MPa the galled area was 14 % vs. 1.2 % and the Rt was 780 um vs. 26 um for the unoxidised and oxidised sample respectively. This trend was present at higher applied normal stresses, although less prominent. This difference in galling behaviour is likely to be a result of a reduction in adhesion in the case of the oxidised surface.

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316L 不锈钢磨损和氧化的相互作用

在模拟 PWR 水中暴露 850 小时后，研究了 316L 不锈钢在未氧化和氧化状态下的磨损行为。磨损测试根据 ASTM G196 在环境条件下进行。发现 316L 在两种条件下均会因楔形生长和流动机制而结块。这导致船首和粘合剂连接处之前出现折叠，形成一个严重剪切的多层船首。在楔形流动过程中，由于连续的剪切破坏，磨损槽已经失效。紧接在表面下方可以看到高度剪切的纳米晶层，称为摩擦影响区 (TAZ)。观察到在 TAZ 内形成了应变诱发马氏体。使用 Rt（最大高度 - 最大深度）和磨损面积（被认为磨损的样品的比例）量化磨损损伤，结果表明，氧化样品的两种损坏测量值均显着降低。在施加 4.2 MPa 的法向应力下，未氧化和氧化样品的磨损面积分别为 14% 与 1.2%，Rt 分别为 780 um 与 26 um。这种趋势存在于较高的施加法向应力下，尽管不太突出。在氧化表面的情况下，磨损行为的这种差异可能是粘附力降低的结果。未氧化和氧化样品分别为 26 um。这种趋势存在于较高的施加法向应力下，尽管不那么突出。在氧化表面的情况下，磨损行为的这种差异可能是粘附力降低的结果。未氧化和氧化样品分别为 26 um。这种趋势存在于较高的施加法向应力下，尽管不那么突出。在氧化表面的情况下，磨损行为的这种差异可能是粘附力降低的结果。