Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered a promising cell type for the treatment of heart failure (HF). In particular, MSCs in adipose tissue are being evaluated as an effective therapeutic tool. However, adipose MSCs are a major source of adipocyte generation and linked to obesity, which is an independent risk factor for HF. MSCs express all of the components of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), which plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of HF. The local RAS also regulates MSC adipogenesis, indicating a connection between MSC–adipogenesis–obesity and HF. This review examines evidence of the complex relationship between HF and adipose MSCs and discusses how to explore this association for favorable therapeutic outcomes for HF.

间充质干细胞（MSC）被认为是治疗心力衰竭（HF）的一种有前途的细胞类型。特别地，脂肪组织中的MSC被评估为一种有效的治疗工具。然而，脂肪间充质干细胞是脂肪细胞生成的主要来源，并且与肥胖有关，而肥胖是肥胖的独立危险因素。MSCs表达肾素-血管紧张素系统（RAS）的所有组成部分，这在HF的病理生理中起着关键作用。局部RAS也调节MSC的脂肪形成，表明MSC脂肪形成与HF之间存在联系。这项审查审查证据之间的HF和脂肪间充质干细胞之间的复杂关系，并讨论如何探索这种联系，以有利于HF的治疗结果。