Bacterial pathogens employ diverse fitness and virulence mechanisms to gain an advantage in competitive niches. These lifestyle-specific traits require integration into the regulatory network of the cell and are often controlled by pre-existing transcription factors. In this review, we highlight recent advances that have been made in characterizing this regulatory flexibility in prominent members of the Enterobacteriaceae. We focus on the direct global interactions between transcription factors and their target genes in pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella revealed using chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with next-generation sequencing. Furthermore, the implications and advantages of such regulatory adaptations in benefiting distinct pathogenic lifestyles are discussed.

细菌病原体利用多种适应性和毒力机制来获得竞争优势。这些特定于生活方式的特征需要整合到细胞的调节网络中，并且通常由预先存在的转录因子控制。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了表征肠杆菌科重要成员的这种调节灵活性的最新进展。我们专注于使用染色质免疫沉淀结合下一代测序揭示的致病性大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌中转录因子及其靶基因之间的直接全球相互作用。此外，讨论了这种调节适应性在有益于独特的病原性生活方式中的含义和优点。