Rhinovirus (RV) role in pathogenesis of severe childhood disease remains controversial. We aimed to explore the association between RV molecular subtyping, nasopharyngeal viral loads and viremia with childhood pneumonia. Nasopharyngeal and blood samples from cases and controls were tested for RV and the 5' non-coding region sequenced. The cases compared to controls had a similar prevalence of RV detection in the nasopharynx (23 % vs. 22 %, P = 0.66), similar RV species distribution (A, B, C = 44 %, 8%, 44 % vs. 48 %, 7%, 38 %; respectively; P = 0.66) and similar viral load (4.0 and 3.7 log10 copies/mL, P = 0.062). However, RV-viremia was 4.01-fold (aOR 95 % CI: 1.26-12.78) more prevalent among cases (7%) than controls (2%), P = 0.019. Furthermore, among cases and controls RV-C was more commonly associated with viremia (14 % and 4%, P = 0.023), than RV-A (2% and 1%; P = 0.529). Thus RV-viremia could be used as a measure for attributing causality to RV in children hospitalized for pneumonia.

中文翻译：

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南非重症肺炎住院儿童鼻病毒鼻咽病毒载量与病毒血症关系的前瞻性病例对照研究。

鼻病毒 (RV) 在严重儿童疾病发病机制中的作用仍存在争议。我们旨在探讨 RV 分子亚型、鼻咽病毒载量和病毒血症与儿童肺炎之间的关联。对来自病例和对照的鼻咽和血液样本进行 RV 检测，并对 5' 非编码区进行测序。与对照组相比，病例在鼻咽部的 RV 检出率相似（23% 与 22%，P = 0.66），RV 种类分布相似（A、B、C = 44%、8%、44% 与 48） %、7%、38%；分别为；P = 0.66) 和相似的病毒载量（4.0 和 3.7 log10 拷贝/mL，P = 0.062）。然而，RV 病毒血症在病例 (7%) 中的发生率是对照组 (2%) 的 4.01 倍 (aOR 95 % CI：1.26-12.78)，P = 0.019。此外，在病例和对照中，RV-C 更常与病毒血症相关（14% 和 4%，P = 0.023），比 RV-A（2% 和 1%；P = 0.529）。因此，RV 病毒血症可用作将因肺炎住院的儿童的因果关系归因于 RV 的量度。