Background

One of the fascinating aspects of epigenetic regulation is that it provides means to rapidly adapt to environmental change. This is particularly relevant in the plant kingdom, where most species are sessile and exposed to increasing habitat fluctuations due to global warming. Although the inheritance of epigenetically controlled traits acquired through environmental impact is a matter of debate, it is well documented that environmental cues lead to epigenetic changes, including chromatin modifications, that affect cell differentiation or are associated with plant acclimation and defense priming. Still, in most cases, the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. An emerging topic that promises to reveal new insights is the interaction between epigenetics and metabolism.

Scope of review

This study reviews the links between metabolism and chromatin modification, in particular histone acetylation, histone methylation, and DNA methylation, in plants and compares them to examples from the mammalian field, where the relationship to human diseases has already generated a larger body of literature. This study particularly focuses on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in modulating metabolic pathways and gene activities that are involved in these chromatin modifications. As ROS and NO are hallmarks of stress responses, we predict that they are also pivotal in mediating chromatin dynamics during environmental responses.

Major conclusions

Due to conservation of chromatin-modifying mechanisms, mammals and plants share a common dependence on metabolic intermediates that serve as cofactors for chromatin modifications. In addition, plant-specific non-CG methylation pathways are particularly sensitive to changes in folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism. Finally, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species may fine-tune epigenetic processes and include similar signaling mechanisms involved in environmental stress responses in plants as well as animals.

中文翻译：

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植物模型中新陈代谢与染色质之间的相互作用。

背景

表观遗传调控的迷人之处之一是它提供了快速适应环境变化的手段。这在植物界尤其重要，在植物界，大多数物种都是无柄的，并且由于全球变暖而暴露于不断增加的生境波动中。尽管通过环境影响获得的表观遗传控制性状的遗传是一个争论的问题，但有充分的文献证明，环境提示会导致表观遗传变化，包括染色质修饰，从而影响细胞分化或与植物适应和防御启动有关。尽管如此，在大多数情况下，所涉及的机制仍知之甚少。一个有望揭示新见解的新兴话题是表观遗传学与新陈代谢之间的相互作用。

审查范围

这项研究回顾了植物中代谢与染色质修饰之间的联系，特别是组蛋白乙酰化，组蛋白甲基化和DNA甲基化之间的联系，并将它们与哺乳动物领域的实例进行了比较，该领域与人类疾病的关系已经产生了大量文献。这项研究特别关注活性氧（ROS）和一氧化氮（NO）在调节与这些染色质修饰有关的代谢途径和基因活性中的作用。由于ROS和NO是应激反应的标志，我们预测它们在环境反应期间介导染色质动力学中也起着关键作用。

主要结论

由于染色质修饰机制的保守性，哺乳动物和植物对代谢中间产物具有共同的依赖性，而代谢中间产物是染色质修饰的辅助因子。此外，植物特异性的非CG甲基化途径对叶酸介导的一碳代谢的变化特别敏感。最后，活性氧和氮物种可以微调表观遗传过程，并包括植物和动物的环境胁迫响应中涉及的类似信号机制。