The vagus nerve coordinates most physiologic functions including the cardiovascular and immune systems. This mechanism has significant clinical implications because electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve can control inflammation and organ injury in infectious and inflammatory disorders. The complex mechanisms that mediate vagal modulation of systemic inflammation are mainly regulated via the spleen. More specifically, vagal stimulation prevents organ injury and systemic inflammation by inhibiting the production of cytokines in the spleen. However, the neuronal regulation of the spleen is controversial suggesting that it can be mediated by either monosynaptic innervation of the splenic parenchyma or secondary neurons from the celiac ganglion depending on the experimental conditions. Recent physiologic and anatomic studies suggest that inflammation is regulated by neuro-immune multi-synaptic interactions between the vagus and the splanchnic nerves to modulate the spleen. Here, we review the current knowledge on these interactions, and discuss their experimental and clinical implications in infectious and inflammatory disorders.

中文翻译：

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脾的迷走神经调节的解剖学和临床意义。

迷走神经协调大多数生理功能，包括心血管和免疫系统。该机制具有重要的临床意义，因为迷走神经的电刺激可以控制感染和炎症性疾病的炎症和器官损伤。介导迷走神经调节全身性炎症的复杂机制主要通过脾脏来调节。更具体地说，迷走神经刺激通过抑制脾脏中细胞因子的产生来防止器官损伤和全身性炎症。然而，脾脏的神经元调节存在争议，表明它可以由脾实质的单突触神经支配或来自腹腔神经节的继发神经元来介导，具体取决于实验条件。最近的生理和解剖学研究表明，炎症通过迷走神经和内脏神经之间的神经免疫多突触相互作用来调节脾脏。在这里，我们回顾了有关这些相互作用的当前知识，并讨论了它们在传染性和炎性疾病中的实验和临床意义。