Cannabis use is associated with increased risk of psychotic symptoms and in a small number of cases it can lead to psychoses. This review examines the neurobiological mechanisms that mediate the link between cannabis use and psychosis risk. We use an established preclinical model of psychosis, the methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) rodent model, as a framework to examine if psychosis risk in some cannabis users is mediated by the effects of cannabis on the hippocampus, and this region's role in the regulation of mesolimbic dopamine. We also examine how cannabis affects excitatory neurotransmission known to regulate hippocampal neural activity and output. Whilst there is clear evidence that cannabis/cannabinoids can affect hippocampal and medial temporal lobe function and structure, the evidence that cannabis/cannabinoids increase striatal dopamine function is less robust. There is limited evidence that cannabis use affects cortical and striatal glutamate levels, but there are currently too few studies to draw firm conclusions. Future work is needed to test the MAM model in relation to cannabis using multimodal neuroimaging approaches.

中文翻译：

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大麻对海马和纹状体的影响会增加精神病的风险吗？

大麻的使用会增加精神病症状的风险，在少数情况下会导致精神病。这项审查审查了介导大麻使用和精神病风险之间的联系的神经生物学机制。我们使用已建立的精神病学临床前模型，即乙酸甲基丙氧基甲醇甲酯（MAM）啮齿动物模型，作为框架来检查某些大麻使用者的精神病风险是否由大麻对海马的影响介导，以及该地区在调节中脑边缘的作用多巴胺。我们还研究了大麻如何影响已知的调节海马神经活动和输出的兴奋性神经传递。尽管有明确的证据表明大麻/大麻素会影响海马和内侧颞叶的功能和结构，大麻/大麻素增加纹状体多巴胺功能的证据不那么可靠。很少有证据表明大麻的使用会影响皮层和纹状体的谷氨酸水平，但是目前尚无足够的研究来得出确切的结论。需要使用多模式神经影像学方法来测试与大麻有关的MAM模型。