Gender stereotypes influence subjective beliefs about the world, and this is reflected in our use of language. But do gender biases in language transparently reflect subjective beliefs? Or is the process of translating thought to language itself biased? During the 2016 United States (N = 24,863) and 2017 United Kingdom (N = 2,609) electoral campaigns, we compared participants’ beliefs about the gender of the next head of government with their use and interpretation of pronouns referring to the next head of government. In the United States, even when the female candidate was expected to win, she pronouns were rarely produced and induced substantial comprehension disruption. In the United Kingdom, where the incumbent female candidate was heavily favored, she pronouns were preferred in production but yielded no comprehension advantage. These and other findings suggest that the language system itself is a source of implicit biases above and beyond previously known biases, such as those measured by the Implicit Association Test.

中文翻译：

---

预期事件语言描述中的隐性性别偏见：以 2016 年美国和 2017 年英国选举为例


性别刻板印象影响对世界的主观信念，这反映在我们对语言的使用中。但语言中的性别偏见是否明显反映了主观信念？或者将思想转化为语言的过程本身是否存在偏见？在 2016 年美国（N = 24,863）和 2017 年英国（N = 2,609）竞选活动中，我们比较了参与者对下一任政府首脑性别的看法与他们对下一任政府首脑代词的使用和解释。 。在美国，即使女性候选人有望获胜，也很少使用“她”代词，这会导致严重的理解障碍。在现任女性候选人备受青睐的英国，“she”代词在生产中更受青睐，但在理解上并没有优势。这些和其他发现表明，语言系统本身是隐性偏见的一个来源，其范围超出了先前已知的偏见，例如通过内隐联想测试测量的偏见。