Cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) communications have elicited significant scrutiny in recent years owing to amenities such as comfort, efficiency, and an enhanced line-of-sight through the exchange of statistics between vehicles and other entities. In general, achieving less interference in terms of resource allocation and a higher quality of forwarding (QoF) during routing is a major problem owing to the highly mobile environment used in such communications. To overcome this bottleneck, the present study focuses on emperor-based resource allocation for device-to-device (D2D) communications and QoF routing (ERA-D²Q) in C-V2X. Our ERA-D²Q offers three sub-sequential processes: (1) coalition-based routing, (2) D2D communications and SignRank oriented pedestrian selection, and (3) emperor based resource allocation. To achieve QoF routing, ERA-D²Q introduces coalition game theory (CGT), which elects an optimum relay and reduces the amount of time for a packet transmission. Our D2D communication is applied in two different cases: (1) devices discovered within the coverage of the discoverer and (2) devices discovered out of the coverage of the discoverer. The second case is conducted with the aid of the best pedestrian, who is elected using the SignRank algorithm. The best pedestrian sends a relay request to the 5G base station (BS) to discover a destination for D2D communications. For this purpose, 5G BS utilizes the Mamdani interval type 2 fuzzy algorithm. To optimize the resource blocks assigned to the D2D communications, an emperor penguin colony algorithm is established for the proposed ERA-D²Q, which is employed in an OMNET++ simulator. Finally, we validate the performance achieved in our study using five metrics, namely, the packet delivery ratio (PDR), average transmission delay (ATD), throughput, mean opinion score (MoS), and jitter. The evaluation results prove that our ERA-D²Q enhances the PDR and throughput by up to 35%, and decreases the ATD by up to 48%, the jitter by up to 33%, and the MoS by 40% compared to the existing methods QFRG, CF, SMRS, SRA, and DTDMD.

近年来，由于舒适度，效率以及通过在车辆与其他实体之间交换统计信息而提高了视线等便利性，蜂窝式车辆对一切（C-V2X）通信引起了广泛的关注。通常，由于在这种通信中使用了高度移动的环境，因此在资源分配方面实现较少的干扰以及在路由选择期间实现更高的转发质量（QoF）是一个主要问题。为克服此瓶颈，本研究着重于C-V2X中设备到设备（D2D）通信和QoF路由（ERA-D ² Q）的基于皇帝的资源分配。我们的ERA-D ²Q提供了三个子序列过程：（1）基于联盟的路由，（2）D2D通信和面向SignRank的行人选择，以及（3）基于皇帝的资源分配。为了实现QoF路由，ERA-D ²Q引入了联盟博弈理论（CGT），该理论可以选择最佳中继并减少数据包传输的时间。我们的D2D通信在两种不同情况下适用：（1）在发现者覆盖范围内发现的设备和（2）在发现者覆盖范围之外发现的设备。第二种情况是在最好的行人的帮助下进行的，该行人使用SignRank算法选举产生。最好的行人向5G基站（BS）发送中继请求，以发现D2D通信的目的地。为此，5G BS利用了Mamdani区间2型模糊算法。为了优化分配给D2D通信的资源块，针对提出的ERA-D ²建立了帝企鹅殖民地算法Q，在OMNET ++仿真器中使用。最后，我们使用五个指标来验证研究中获得的性能，这五个指标分别是数据包传输率（PDR），平均传输延迟（ATD），吞吐量，平均意见得分（MoS）和抖动。评估结果证明，与现有技术相比，我们的ERA-D ² Q可将PDR和吞吐量提高多达35％，将ATD降低多达48％，将抖动降低多达33％，将MoS降低40％方法QFRG，CF，SMRS，SRA和DTDMD。