Background People of all ages are flooded with health claims about treatment effects (benefits and harms of treatments). Many of these are not reliable, and many people lack skills to assess their reliability. Primary school is the ideal time to begin to teach these skills, to lay a foundation for continued learning and enable children to make well-informed health choices, as they grow older. However, these skills are rarely being taught and yet there are no rigorously developed and evaluated resources for teaching these skills. Objectives To develop the Informed Health Choices (IHC) resources (for learning and teaching people to assess claims about the effects of treatments) for primary school children and teachers. Methods We prototyped, piloted, and user-tested resources in four settings that included Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, and Norway. We employed a user-centred approach to designing IHC resources which entailed multiple iterative cycles of development (determining content scope, generating ideas, prototyping, testing, analysing and refining) based on continuous close collaboration with teachers and children. Results We identified 24 Key Concepts that are important for children to learn. We developed a comic book and a separate exercise book to introduce and explain the Key Concepts to the children, combining lessons with exercises and classroom activities. We developed a teachers' guide to supplement the resources for children. Conclusion By employing a user-centred approach to designing resources to teach primary children to think critically about treatment claims and choices, we developed learning resources that end users experienced as useful, easy to use and well-suited to use in diverse classroom settings.

中文翻译：

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在四个国家开发知情的健康选择资源，以教小学生评估有关治疗效果的声明：采用以用户为中心的方法的定性研究。

背景 各个年龄段的人都充斥着关于治疗效果（治疗的益处和危害）的健康声明。其中许多都不可靠，而且许多人缺乏评估其可靠性的技能。小学是开始教授这些技能、为继续学习奠定基础并使孩子随着年龄的增长做出明智的健康选择的理想时机。然而，这些技能很少被教授，也没有经过严格开发和评估的资源来教授这些技能。目标 为小学生和教师开发知情健康选择 (IHC) 资源（用于学习和教授人们评估有关治疗效果的声明）。方法 我们在乌干达、肯尼亚、卢旺达和挪威四个环境中对资源进行原型设计、试点和用户测试。我们采用以用户为中心的方法来设计 IHC 资源，这需要在与教师和儿童持续密切合作的基础上进行多个迭代开发周期（确定内容范围、产生想法、原型设计、测试、分析和改进）。结果 我们确定了 24 个对儿童学习很重要的关键概念。我们开发了一本漫画书和一本单独的练习本，向孩子们介绍和解释关键概念，将课程与练习和课堂活动相结合。我们制定了教师指南来补充儿童资源。结论 通过采用以用户为中心的方法来设计资源，以教导小学儿童批判性地思考治疗要求和选择，我们开发了最终用户认为有用的学习资源，