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The effect of moving to East Village, the former London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games Athletes' Village, on mode of travel (ENABLE London study, a natural experiment).
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity ( IF 5.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-10 , DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-0916-0
Elizabeth S Limb 1 , Duncan S Procter 2, 3 , Ashley R Cooper 2, 3 , Angie S Page 2, 3 , Claire M Nightingale 1 , Bina Ram 1 , Aparna Shankar 1 , Christelle Clary 4 , Daniel Lewis 4 , Steven Cummins 4 , Anne Ellaway 5 , Billie Giles-Corti 6 , Peter H Whincup 1 , Alicja R Rudnicka 1 , Derek G Cook 1 , Christopher G Owen 1
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Interventions to encourage active modes of travel (walking, cycling) may improve physical activity levels, but longitudinal evidence is limited and major change in the built environment / travel infrastructure may be needed. East Village (the former London 2012 Olympic Games Athletes Village) has been repurposed on active design principles with improved walkability, open space and public transport and restrictions on residential car parking. We examined the effect of moving to East Village on adult travel patterns. METHODS One thousand two hundred seventy-eight adults (16+ years) seeking to move into social, intermediate, and market-rent East Village accommodation were recruited in 2013-2015, and followed up after 2 years. Individual objective measures of physical activity using accelerometry (ActiGraph GT3X+) and geographic location using GPS travel recorders (QStarz) were time-matched and a validated algorithm assigned four travel modes (walking, cycling, motorised vehicle, train). We examined change in time spent in different travel modes, using multilevel linear regresssion models adjusting for sex, age group, ethnicity, housing group (fixed effects) and household (random effect), comparing those who had moved to East Village at follow-up with those who did not. RESULTS Of 877 adults (69%) followed-up, 578 (66%) provided valid accelerometry and GPS data for at least 1 day (≥540 min) at both time points; half had moved to East Village. Despite no overall effects on physical activity levels, sizeable improvements in walkability and access to public transport in East Village resulted in decreased daily vehicle travel (8.3 mins, 95%CI 2.5,14.0), particularly in the intermediate housing group (9.6 mins, 95%CI 2.2,16.9), and increased underground travel (3.9 mins, 95%CI 1.2,6.5), more so in the market-rent group (11.5 mins, 95%CI 4.4,18.6). However, there were no effects on time spent walking or cycling. CONCLUSION Designing walkable neighbourhoods near high quality public transport and restrictions on car usage, may offer a community-wide strategy shift to sustainable transport modes by increasing public transport use, and reducing motor vehicle travel.

中文翻译:

搬到东村(前伦敦 2012 年奥运会和残奥会运动员村)对出行方式的影响(启用伦敦研究,自然实验)。

背景 鼓励积极的出行方式(步行、骑自行车)的干预措施可以提高身体活动水平,但纵向证据有限,可能需要对建筑环境/出行基础设施进行重大改变。东村(前伦敦 2012 年奥运会运动员村)根据积极的设计原则进行了改造,改善了步行性、开放空间和公共交通,并限制了住宅停车场。我们研究了搬到东村对成人旅行模式的影响。方法 2013-2015 年招募了 1278 名寻求搬入社会、中级和市场租金东村住宿的成年人(16 岁以上),并在 2 年后进行随访。使用加速度计 (ActiGraph GT3X+) 和使用 GPS 旅行记录器 (QStarz) 的地理位置的个人客观测量是时间匹配的,并且经过验证的算法分配了四种旅行模式(步行、骑自行车、机动车辆、火车)。我们使用针对性别、年龄组、种族、住房组(固定效应)和家庭(随机效应)进行调整的多级线性回归模型,检查了在不同旅行模式下花费的时间变化,比较了那些在后续行动中搬到东村的人和那些没有的人。结果 在 877 名成年人 (69%) 的随访中,578 名 (66%) 在两个时间点提供了至少 1 天(≥540 分钟)的有效加速度测量和 GPS 数据;一半搬到了东村。尽管对身体活动水平没有总体影响,东村可步行性和公共交通的显着改善导致每日车辆出行减少(8.3 分钟,95%CI 2.5,14.0),特别是在中间住房组(9.6 分钟,95%CI 2.2,16.9),并增加地铁出行(3.9 分钟,95%CI 1.2,6.5),市场租金组更是如此(11.5 分钟,95%CI 4.4,18.6)。但是,对步行或骑自行车的时间没有影响。结论 在高质量的公共交通附近设计可步行的社区并限制汽车的使用,可以通过增加公共交通的使用和减少机动车辆的出行,为社区范围内的可持续交通模式提供战略转变。并且增加了地下旅行(3.9 分钟,95%CI 1.2,6.5),在市场租金组中更是如此(11.5 分钟,95%CI 4.4,18.6)。但是,对步行或骑自行车的时间没有影响。结论 在高质量的公共交通附近设计可步行的社区并限制汽车的使用,可以通过增加公共交通的使用和减少机动车辆的出行,为社区范围内的可持续交通模式提供战略转变。并且增加了地下旅行(3.9 分钟,95%CI 1.2,6.5),在市场租金组中更是如此(11.5 分钟,95%CI 4.4,18.6)。但是,对步行或骑自行车的时间没有影响。结论 在高质量的公共交通附近设计可步行的社区并限制汽车的使用,可以通过增加公共交通的使用和减少机动车辆的出行,为社区范围内的可持续交通模式提供战略转变。
更新日期:2020-04-22
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