BACKGROUND Globally children's diet quality is poor. Parents are primary gatekeepers to children's food intake; however, reaching and engaging parents in nutrition promotion can be challenging. With growth in internet and smartphone use, digital platforms provide potential to disseminate information rapidly to many people. The objectives of this review were to conduct a comprehensive and systematic evaluation of nutrition promotion via websites and apps supporting parents to influence children's nutrition, from three different perspectives: 1) current evidence base, 2) end user (parent) experience and 3) current commercial offerings. METHODS Three systematic reviews were undertaken of (1) studies evaluating the effectiveness for digital platforms for improving nutrition in children and parents, (2) studies conducting user-testing of digital tools with parents, (3) websites and apps providing lunch-provision information to parents. Searches were conducted in five databases for reviews one and two, and systematic search of Google and App Store for review three. Randomised controlled trials, cohort and cross-sectional and qualitative studies (study two only) were included if published in English, from 2013, with the intervention targeted at parents and at least 50% of intervention content focused on nutrition. Search results were double screened, with data extracted into standardised spreadsheets and quality appraisal of included search results. RESULTS Studies evaluating digital nutrition interventions targeting parents (n = 11) demonstrated effectiveness for improving nutrition outcomes, self-efficacy and knowledge. Six of the included randomised controlled trials reported digital interventions to be equal to, or better than comparison groups. User-testing studies (n = 9) identified that digital platforms should include both informative content and interactive features. Parents wanted evidence-based information from credible sources, practical tools, engaging content and connection with other users and health professionals. Websites targeting lunch provision (n = 15) were developed primarily by credible sources and included information-based content consistent with dietary guidelines and limited interactive features. Lunchbox apps (n = 6), developed mostly by commercial organisations, were more interactive but provided less credible information. CONCLUSIONS Digital nutrition promotion interventions targeting parents can be effective for improving nutrition-related outcomes in children and parents. As demonstrated from the lunchbox context and user-testing with parents, they need to go beyond just providing information about positive dietary changes, to include the user-desired features supporting interactivity and personalisation.

中文翻译：

---

对数字营养促进网站和应用程序的系统评估，以支持父母影响孩子的营养。

背景技术全球范围内，儿童的饮食质量很差。父母是儿童食物摄入量的主要看门人。然而，让父母参与并促进营养推广可能是一项挑战。随着互联网和智能手机使用的增长，数字平台具有将信息迅速传播给许多人的潜力。这次审查的目的是从三个不同的角度，通过支持父母影响孩子营养的网站和应用程序，对营养促进进行全面而系统的评估：1）当前的证据基础； 2）最终用户（父母）的经历； 3）最新的商业产品。方法对（1）评估数字平台改善儿童和父母营养的有效性的研究进行了三项系统评价，（2）与父母进行数字工具用户测试的研究；（3）向父母提供午餐供应信息的网站和应用。在五个数据库中进行搜索以进行评论1和2，对Google和App Store进行系统搜索以进行评论3。从2013年开始，如果以英文发表，则包括随机对照试验，队列研究，横断面研究和定性研究（仅研究二），干预针对父母，并且至少50％的干预内容针对营养。搜索结果经过双重筛选，将数据提取到标准化电子表格中，并对包含的搜索结果进行质量评估。结果评估针对父母（n = 11）的数字营养干预措施的研究表明，可以有效改善营养结果，自我效能和知识。纳入的随机对照试验中有六项报告数字干预等于或优于对照组。用户测试研究（n = 9）确定数字平台应同时包括信息内容和交互功能。父母希望从可靠来源，实用工具，引人入胜的内容以及与其他用户和卫生专业人员的联系中获得基于证据的信息。以午餐供应为目标的网站（n = 15）主要由可靠的来源开发，并包含符合饮食指南和有限交互功能的基于信息的内容。午餐盒应用程序（n = 6）主要由商业组织开发，它们具有更高的交互性，但提供的信息却不那么可靠。结论针对父母的数字营养促进干预措施可以有效改善儿童和父母与营养相关的结果。正如从午餐盒环境和与父母进行的用户测试所证明的那样，他们不仅需要提供有关积极饮食变化的信息，还必须包括支持交互性和个性化的用户所需功能。