BACKGROUND Knowledge translation (KT) is a dynamic and iterative process that includes synthesis, dissemination, exchange and ethically sound application of knowledge to yield beneficial outcomes for society. Effective KT requires researchers to play an active role in promoting evidence uptake. This paper presents a systematised review of evidence on low- and middle-income country (LMIC) researchers' KT capacity, practice and interventions for enhancing their KT practice (support) with the aim of identifying gaps and informing future research and interventions. METHODS An electronic search for peer-reviewed publications focusing on LMIC researchers' KT capacity, practice and support across all academic fields, authored in English and from the earliest records available to February 2019, was conducted using PubMed and Scopus. Selected studies were appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, data pertaining to publication characteristics and study design extracted, and an a priori thematic analysis of reported research findings completed. RESULTS The search resulted in 334 screened articles, of which 66 met the inclusion criteria. Most (n = 43) of the articles presented original research findings, 22 were commentaries and 1 was a structured review; 47 articles reported on researchers' KT practice, 12 assessed the KT capacity of researchers or academic/research institutions and 9 reported on KT support for researchers. More than half (59%) of the articles focused on sub-Saharan Africa and the majority (91%) on health research. Most of the primary studies used the case study design (41%). The findings suggest that LMIC researchers rarely conduct KT and face a range of barriers at individual and institutional levels that limit their KT practice, including inadequate KT knowledge and skills, particularly for communicating research and interacting with research end-users, insufficient funding, and inadequate institutional guidelines, structures and incentives promoting KT practice. Furthermore, the evidence-base on effective interventions for enhancing LMIC researchers' KT practice is insufficient and largely of weak quality. CONCLUSIONS More high-quality research on researchers' KT capacity, practice and effective KT capacity strengthening interventions is needed. Study designs that extend beyond case studies and descriptive studies are recommended, including better designed evaluation studies, e.g. use of realist approaches, pragmatic trials, impact evaluations, implementation research and participatory action research.

中文翻译：

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审查已发表的有关低收入和中等收入国家研究人员和研究机构知识翻译能力、实践和支持的证据。


背景技术知识翻译（KT）是一个动态和迭代的过程，包括知识的合成、传播、交换和合乎道德的应用，从而为社会产生有益的成果。有效的知识转移需要研究人员在促进证据吸收方面发挥积极作用。本文对低收入和中等收入国家 (LMIC) 研究人员的 KT 能力、实践和干预措施进行了系统审查，以加强其 KT 实践（支持），旨在找出差距并为未来的研究和干预措施提供信息。方法 使用 PubMed 和 Scopus 对同行评审出版物进行电子检索，重点关注中低收入国家研究人员在所有学术领域的 KT 能力、实践和支持，这些出版物以英文撰写，最早的记录截至 2019 年 2 月。使用混合方法评估工具对选定的研究进行评估，提取与出版物特征和研究设计有关的数据，并对已报告的研究结果进行先验主题分析。结果 检索共筛选出 334 篇文章，其中 66 篇符合纳入标准。大多数（n = 43）文章提出了原创研究成果，22 篇是评论，1 篇是结构化评论； 47 篇文章报道了研究人员的 KT 实践，12 篇文章评估了研究人员或学术/研究机构的 KT 能力，9 篇文章报道了对研究人员的 KT 支持。超过一半 (59%) 的文章关注撒哈拉以南非洲地区，大部分 (91%) 关注健康研究。大多数初步研究都采用案例研究设计（41%）。 研究结果表明，中低收入国家的研究人员很少进行知识转移，并在个人和机构层面面临一系列限制其知识转移实践的障碍，包括知识转移知识和技能不足，特别是在交流研究和与研究最终用户互动方面、资金不足和能力不足。促进 KT 实践的制度指导方针、结构和激励措施。此外，用于加强中低收入国家研究人员知识转移实践的有效干预措施的证据不足，而且质量较差。结论 需要对研究人员的 KT 能力、实践和有效的 KT 能力强化干预措施进行更多高质量的研究。建议研究设计超越案例研究和描述性研究，包括设计更好的评估研究，例如使用现实主义方法、务实试验、影响评估、实施研究和参与性行动研究。